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Novel Randomized Placement for FPGA Based Robust ROPUF with Improved Uniqueness
Journal of Electronic Testing ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10836-019-05829-5
Arjun Singh Chauhan , Vineet Sahula , Atanendu Sekhar Mandal

The physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are used to provide software as well as hardware security for the cyber-physical systems. They have been used for performing significant cryptography tasks such as generating keys, device authentication, securing against IP piracy, and to produce the root of trust as well. However, they lack in reliability metric. We present a novel approach for improving the reliability as well as the uniqueness of the field programmable gated arrays (FPGAs) based ring oscillator PUF and derive a random number, consuming very small area (< 1%) concerning look-up tables (LUTs). We use frequency profiling method for distributing frequency variations in ring oscillators (RO), spatially placed all across the FPGA floor. We are able to spot suitable locations for RO mapping, which leads to enhanced ROPUF reliability. We have evaluated the proposed methodology on Xilinx -7 series FPGAs and tested the robustness against environmental variations, e.g. temperature and supply voltage variations, simultaneously. The proposed approach achieves significant improvement (i) in uniqueness value upto 49.90%, within 0.1% of the theoretical value (ii) in the reliability value upto 99.70%, which signifies that less than 1 bit flipping has been observed on average, and (iii) in randomness, signified by passing NIST test suite. The response generated through the ROPUF passes all the applicable relevant tests of NIST uniformity statistical test suite.

中文翻译:

具有改进的唯一性的基于 FPGA 的鲁棒 ROPUF 的新颖随机放置

物理不可克隆功能 (PUF) 用于为网络物理系统提供软件和硬件安全。它们已被用于执行重要的密码学任务,例如生成密钥、设备身份验证、防止 IP 盗版以及生成信任根。然而,他们缺乏可靠性指标。我们提出了一种新颖的方法来提高基于现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA) 的环形振荡器 PUF 的可靠性和唯一性,并导出一个随机数,占用非常小的查找表 (LUT) 区域 (< 1%) . 我们使用频率分析方法来分布环形振荡器 (RO) 中的频率变化,这些振荡器在空间上分布在整个 FPGA 层。我们能够为 RO 映射找到合适的位置,从而提高 ROPUF 的可靠性。我们已经在 Xilinx -7 系列 FPGA 上评估了所提出的方法,并同时测试了针对环境变化(例如温度和电源电压变化)的稳健性。所提出的方法实现了显着的改进(i)唯一性值高达 49.90%,在理论值的 0.1% 以内(ii)可靠性值高达 99.70%,这意味着平均观察到少于 1 位翻转,并且( iii) 随机性,通过 NIST 测试套件表示。通过 ROPUF 生成的响应通过了 NIST 均匀性统计测试套件的所有适用相关测试。所提出的方法实现了显着的改进(i)唯一性值高达 49.90%,在理论值的 0.1% 以内(ii)可靠性值高达 99.70%,这意味着平均观察到少于 1 位翻转,并且( iii) 随机性,通过 NIST 测试套件表示。通过 ROPUF 生成的响应通过了 NIST 均匀性统计测试套件的所有适用相关测试。所提出的方法实现了显着的改进(i)唯一性值高达 49.90%,在理论值的 0.1% 以内(ii)可靠性值高达 99.70%,这意味着平均观察到少于 1 位翻转,并且( iii) 随机性,通过 NIST 测试套件表示。通过 ROPUF 生成的响应通过了 NIST 均匀性统计测试套件的所有适用相关测试。
更新日期:2019-10-01
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