Abstract Fear of failure is an important part of the experience of entrepreneurship. Yet past research has mainly investigated fear of failure in entrepreneurship among non entrepreneurs or nascent entrepreneurs and has done so by asking for reactions to hypothetical future failure. This approach to operationalizing the construct limits our capacity for understanding how entrepreneurs actually experience fear of failure while practicing entrepreneurship. In this paper, we conceptualize entrepreneurial fear of failure as a negative affective reaction based in cognitive appraisals of the potential for failure in the uncertain and ambiguous context of entrepreneurship. We use multiple samples to develop and validate a multidimensional, formative measure to assess entrepreneurial fear of failure as a state that is both cognitive and affective in nature. In addition to evidence of the psychometric properties of the new scale across multiple studies, we present a nomological network analysis with respect to measures of theoretically derived psychological outcomes and perceived behavioral tendencies of entrepreneurial fear of failure. We then discuss the theoretical, methodological, and empirical implications of this new measure of entrepreneurial fear of failure with an eye towards use of this scale in future research.

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对失败的创业恐惧：规模开发和验证

摘要 对失败的恐惧是创业经历的重要组成部分。然而，过去的研究主要调查了非企业家或新生企业家对创业失败的恐惧，并通过询问对假设的未来失败的反应来做到这一点。这种将结构操作化的方法限制了我们理解企业家在实践企业家精神时实际上如何经历对失败的恐惧的能力。在本文中，我们将创业对失败的恐惧概念化为一种基于对不确定和模棱两可的创业背景下失败可能性的认知评估的负面情感反应。我们使用多个样本来开发和验证多维、将企业家对失败的恐惧评估为一种既具有认知性又具有情感性的状态的形成性措施。除了在多项研究中新量表的心理测量特性的证据外，我们还针对理论上衍生的心理结果和创业恐惧失败的感知行为倾向的测量提出了一个规则网络分析。然后，我们讨论了这种衡量创业者对失败的恐惧的新措施的理论、方法和实证意义，并着眼于在未来的研究中使用该量表。我们针对理论上衍生的心理结果和创业恐惧失败的感知行为倾向的测量提出了一个规则网络分析。然后，我们讨论了这种衡量创业者对失败的恐惧的新措施的理论、方法和实证意义，并着眼于在未来的研究中使用该量表。我们针对理论上衍生的心理结果和创业恐惧失败的感知行为倾向的测量提出了一个规则网络分析。然后，我们讨论了这种衡量创业者对失败的恐惧的新措施的理论、方法和实证意义，并着眼于在未来的研究中使用该量表。