Abstract—

The distribution of major gold deposits in the Earth’s history is discussed. The primary heterogeneity of the Archean crust in terms of gold mineralization is demonstrated. Characteristics of the main auriferous metallogenic epochs are given. The predominant associations of the orogenic gold deposits with volcanogenic massive sulfide and copper–nickel deposits during the early periods of the Earth (Archean–Proterozoic) and those with tungsten, molybdenum, copper, antimony, mercury, and tin during the Phanerozoic are demonstrated. The analysis of the distribution of the mineralogical and geochemical types of gold mineralization proper also demonstrates their substantial diversity in the Phanerozoic compared to the Precambrian. These data reflect the mantle–crustal origin of gold mineralization in general and attest to an increase in the contribution of the crustal material into gold mineralization with the age of the Earth. The known gap in lode gold formation (1.7–0.8 Ga), which was caused by the stable cratonic regime of the long-lived Columbia (Nuna)–Rodinia supercontinent is discussed.

中文翻译：

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地球历史上的金矿

摘要-

讨论了地球历史上主要金矿的分布。证明了太古宙地壳在金矿化方面的主要异质性。给出了主要的金相成矿时代的特征。结果表明，在地球早期（造山带-元古代），造山型金矿床与火山成块的硫化物和铜-镍矿床，以及古生代期间与钨，钼，铜，锑，汞和锡的矿床占主导地位。对金矿成矿作用的矿物学和地球化学类型分布的分析还表明，与前寒武纪相比，它们在生代时代具有很大的多样性。这些数据总体上反映了金矿化的地壳－地壳起源，并证明随着地球年龄的增长，地壳物质对金矿化的贡献增加。讨论了金矿形成的已知间隙（1.7-0.8 Ga），这是由长寿的哥伦比亚（努纳）-罗迪尼亚超大陆的稳定克拉通政权引起的。