Identifying integrated urban areas is an important issue for urban analysis and policy evaluation. In this article, we provide a set of FUAs suitable for monitoring urbanization in Ecuador, a less developed country without commuting data. We do so substituting such socioeconomic flows by available information on road structure, which allow us to work with accessibility based on a varying travel time. In order to build Ecuadorean FUAs, we calibrate our methodology considering Colombian data. We perform several sensitivity analysis and robustness checks to Ecuador with alternative sources of socioeconomic flows. We conclude that the use of GIS data and the calibrated thresholds provide a set of FUAs similar to the ones that would result of using commuting information.

中文翻译：

---

使用变化的旅行时间方法识别厄瓜多尔的功能性城市区域

确定综合城市区域是城市分析和政策评估的重要问题。在本文中，我们提供了一组FUA，适用于监视厄瓜多尔（一个较不发达国家）的城市化，无需交换数据。我们这样做是用道路结构的可用信息来代替这种社会经济流，这使我们能够根据旅行时间的不同来进行无障碍工作。为了建立厄瓜多尔FUA，我们考虑哥伦比亚的数据对我们的方法进行了校准。我们使用社会经济流量的替代来源，对厄瓜多尔进行了几项敏感性分析和稳健性检查。我们得出的结论是，使用GIS数据和校准的阈值可提供一组FUA，类似于使用通勤信息所产生的FUA。