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Is aquatic bioenergy with carbon capture and storage a sustainable negative emission technology? Insights from a spatially explicit environmental life-cycle assessment
Energy Conversion and Management ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113300
A. Jasmin Melara , Udayan Singh , Lisa M. Colosi

Abstract It is anticipated that achievement of the Paris Climate Agreement goals will require widespread deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs). The most prominent NET is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is typically envisioned to use terrestrial crops as feedstock. Several recent studies have focused on aquatic BECCS (A-BECCS), making use of microalgae or macroalgae as feedstock, as possible means of reducing water and land use. However, the high logistical complexity of the A-BECCS supply chain makes it likely that regional biophysical and socio-technical factors will strongly influence its overall favorability. Therefore, this study applies life-cycle assessment (LCA) incorporating a geographic information system (GIS) framework to estimate the environmental impacts of A-BECCS over all stages of its life-cycle. Three candidate locations in the USA are evaluated based on seemingly good proximity to coastal regions and CO2 storage; namely, East Coast, West Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico. Monte Carlo simulation is used to characterize distributions of model outputs, including energy return on investment (EROI) and net global warming potential (GWP). Results reveal that only the Gulf of Mexico configuration has any likelihood of achieving both net energy production (probability of EROI > 1 = 29%) and net CO2 sequestration (probability of GWP 1), but not net negative carbon sequestration. These results call into question the feasibility of the modeled A-BECCS system as an energy-producing NET and offer insights into possible system reconfiguration. For example, anaerobic digestion offers very low EROI and creates multiple carbon-bearing waste streams, which strongly undercuts overall net CO2 sequestration. Finally, it is observed that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strongly contributes to net-energy production (EROI > 1) in the modeled A-BECCS system, but also strongly undercuts net CO2 sequestration, which is arguably the main goal of any NET. This analysis showcases how geographically-explicit analysis can advance our understanding of biomass-based NETs.

中文翻译:

具有碳捕获和储存功能的水生生物能源是一种可持续的负排放技术吗?来自空间明确的环境生命周期评估的见解

摘要 预计巴黎气候协定目标的实现将需要广泛部署负排放技术(NETs)。最突出的 NET 是具有碳捕获和储存功能的生物能源 (BECCS),通常设想使用陆生作物作为原料。最近的几项研究侧重于水生 BECCS (A-BECCS),利用微藻或大型藻类作为原料,作为减少水和土地使用的可能手段。然而,A-BECCS 供应链的高后勤复杂性使得区域生物物理和社会技术因素可能会强烈影响其整体有利性。所以,本研究应用生命周期评估 (LCA) 结合地理信息系统 (GIS) 框架来估计 A-BECCS 在其生命周期所有阶段的环境影响。评估了美国的三个候选地点,这些地点看起来与沿海地区和二氧化碳储存的距离似乎很近;即东海岸、西海岸和墨西哥湾。Monte Carlo 模拟用于表征模型输出的分布,包括能源投资回报 (EROI) 和净全球变暖潜势 (GWP)。结果表明,只有墨西哥湾配置有可能实现净能源生产(EROI 的概率 > 1 = 29%)和净 CO2 封存(GWP 1 的概率),但没有实现净负碳封存的可能性。这些结果对建模的 A-BECCS 系统作为产生能量的 NET 的可行性提出了质疑,并提供了对可能的系统重新配置的见解。例如,厌氧消化提供非常低的 EROI,并产生多个含碳废物流,这极大地削弱了整体净 CO2 封存。最后,据观察,在模拟的 A-BECCS 系统中,提高石油采收率 (EOR) 对净能源生产 (EROI > 1) 有很大贡献,但也大大削弱了净 CO2 封存,这可以说是任何 NET 的主要目标。该分析展示了地理显式分析如何促进我们对基于生物质的 NET 的理解。厌氧消化提供非常低的 EROI,并产生多个含碳废物流,这大大削弱了整体净 CO2 封存。最后,据观察,在模拟的 A-BECCS 系统中,提高石油采收率 (EOR) 对净能源生产 (EROI > 1) 有很大贡献,但也大大削弱了净 CO2 封存,这可以说是任何 NET 的主要目标。该分析展示了地理显式分析如何促进我们对基于生物质的 NET 的理解。厌氧消化提供非常低的 EROI,并产生多个含碳废物流,这大大削弱了整体净 CO2 封存。最后,据观察,在模拟的 A-BECCS 系统中,提高石油采收率 (EOR) 对净能源生产 (EROI > 1) 有很大贡献,但也大大削弱了净 CO2 封存,这可以说是任何 NET 的主要目标。该分析展示了地理显式分析如何促进我们对基于生物质的 NET 的理解。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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