Background and Aims Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, is an important biosecurity pest in Australia. As part of a management strategy, movement of grapevine cuttings, rootlings and propagation material must comply with the National Phylloxera Management Protocols which recommend a hot water treatment. This study validated the effectiveness of the protocol against genetically diverse phylloxera strains and developmental stages. Methods and Results Excised roots of Vitis vinifera L. infested with first instars of phylloxera G1, G4, G7, G19, G20 and G30 genetic strains, and eggs, intermediates and adult stages of G4 were immersed in water for 5 and 30 min at 22, 40, 45, 50 and 54°C. Treatments of 45°C for 30 min and >50°C for a minimum of 5 min resulted in 100% mortality of first instars across all six genetic strains as well as eggs, intermediates and adults of phylloxera G4 strain. Insects survived at 22 and 40°C when immersed for 5 and 30 min and 45°C for 5 min and subsequently developed into egg laying adults. Conclusions Hot water immersion for grapevine root material, as currently recommended in the National Phylloxera Management Protocols is effective for disinfestation of genetically diverse phylloxera and developmental stages. A lower temperature treatment of 45°C for 30 min was 100% effective across diverse strains and developmental stages. Significance of the Study Immersion duration and water temperature are important considerations for effective disinfestation of grapevine material against genetically diverse phylloxera strains and different developmental stages.

中文翻译：

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热水浸泡作为葡萄根插条对遗传多样性葡萄根瘤蚜 Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch 的灭虫处理

背景和目的葡萄根瘤蚜，Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch，是澳大利亚重要的生物安全害虫。作为管理策略的一部分，葡萄枝条、根部和繁殖材料的移动必须遵守推荐热水处理的国家根瘤蚜管理协议。这项研究验证了该协议对遗传多样性根瘤蚜菌株和发育阶段的有效性。方法与结果 将根瘤蚜G1、G4、G7、G19、G20、G30基因株为一龄的葡萄摘出根，将G4的卵、中间体和成虫在22℃下分别浸泡5、30分钟。 、40、45、50 和 54°C。45°C 处理 30 分钟和 > 50°C 至少 5 分钟导致所有六种遗传菌株以及根瘤蚜 G4 菌株的卵、中间体和成虫的 100% 死亡率。昆虫在 22°C 和 40°C 下存活 5 和 30 分钟，在 45°C 下浸泡 5 分钟，随后发育成产卵成虫。结论 目前在国家根瘤蚜管理协议中推荐的葡萄根材料热水浸泡对于灭除遗传多样性根瘤蚜和发育阶段的根瘤蚜虫是有效的。45°C 的低温处理 30 分钟对不同菌株和发育阶段的有效性为 100%。