The difference in elliptic flow between protons and antiprotons, produced in [Formula: see text] collisions at center-of-mass energies [Formula: see text], is studied within a modified version of the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model. Two different model scenarios are compared: the cascade mode and the mean field mode which includes potential interactions for both formed and pre-formed hadrons. The model results for the elliptic flow of protons and the relative elliptic flow difference between protons and antiprotons obtained from the mean field mode agree with the available experimental data, while the elliptic flow difference is near zero for the cascade mode. Our results show that the elliptic flow splitting, observed for particles and antiparticles, can be explained by the inclusion of proper hadronic interactions. In addition, the difference in elliptic flow between protons and antiprotons depends on the centrality and the rapidity window. With smaller centrality and/or rapidity acceptance, the observed elliptic flow splitting is more sensitive to the beam energy, indicating a strong net baryon density dependence of the effect. We propose to confirm this splitting at the upcoming experiments from Beam Energy Scan (BES) Phase-II at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) at Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) and Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA).

中文翻译：

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来自强子势的质子和反质子之间的椭圆流分裂

在超相对论量子分子动力学 (UrQMD) 的修改版本中研究了质子和反质子之间椭圆流的差异，在 [公式：见文本] 质心能量碰撞 [公式：见文本] 中产生模型。比较了两种不同的模型场景：级联模式和平均场模式，其中包括已形成和预先形成的强子的潜在相互作用。从平均场模态得到的质子椭圆流模型结果和质子与反质子的相对椭圆流差与现有实验数据一致，而级联模态的椭圆流差接近于零。我们的结果表明，对于粒子和反粒子观察到的椭圆流分裂可以通过包含适当的强子相互作用来解释。此外，质子和反质子之间椭圆流的差异取决于中心性和快速窗口。随着较小的中心性和/或快速接受度，观察到的椭圆流分裂对光束能量更敏感，表明该效应对净重子密度有很强的依赖性。我们建议在即将进行的相对论重离子对撞机 (RHIC) 的第二阶段光束能量扫描 (BES) 实验、反质子和离子研究设施 (FAIR) 的压缩重子物质 (CBM)、高强度重子实验中确认这种分裂离子加速器设施 (HIAF) 和基于 Nuclotron 的离子对撞机设施 (NICA)。观察到的椭圆流分裂对光束能量更敏感，表明该效应对净重子密度有很强的依赖性。我们建议在即将进行的相对论重离子对撞机 (RHIC) 的第二阶段光束能量扫描 (BES) 实验、反质子和离子研究设施 (FAIR) 的压缩重子物质 (CBM)、高强度重子实验中确认这种分裂离子加速器设施 (HIAF) 和基于 Nuclotron 的离子对撞机设施 (NICA)。观察到的椭圆流分裂对光束能量更敏感，表明该效应对净重子密度有很强的依赖性。我们建议在即将进行的相对论重离子对撞机 (RHIC) 的第二阶段光束能量扫描 (BES) 实验、反质子和离子研究设施 (FAIR) 的压缩重子物质 (CBM)、高强度重子实验中确认这种分裂离子加速器设施 (HIAF) 和基于 Nuclotron 的离子对撞机设施 (NICA)。