The ever-increasing penetration of Distributed Generators (DGs) in distribution networks suggests to enable their potentials in better fulfilling the restoration objective. The objective of the restoration problem is to resupply the maximum energy of loads considering their priorities using minimum switching operations. Basically, it is desired to provide a unique configuration that is valid regarding the load and generation profiles along the entire restorative period . However, this unique configuration may not satisfy at the same time: I) the DG start-up requirements at the beginning of the restoration plan and II) the topological conditions that would allow the DG to provide later on the most efficient support for the supply of loads. Therefore, it is proposed in this article to allow a limited number of reconfiguration steps according to the DG start-up requirements. In addition, this article presents a novel formulation for the reconfiguration problem that accounts for partial restoration scenarios where the whole unsupplied area cannot be restored. The decision variables of the proposed multi-step restoration problem are: I) the line switching actions at each step of the reconfiguration process, II) the load switching actions during the whole restorative period and, III) the active/reactive power dispatch of DGs during the whole restorative period . A relaxed AC power flow formulation is integrated to the optimization problem in order to ensure the feasibility of the solution concerning the operational safety constraints. The overall model is formulated in terms of a mixed-integer second-order cone programming. Two simulation scenarios are studied in order to illustrate different features of the proposed strategy and to demonstrate its effectiveness particularly in the case of large-scale outages in distribution networks.

中文翻译：

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集成DG启动序列的主动配电网恢复的多步骤重新配置模型

分布式发电机（DG）在配电网络中的渗透率不断提高，这表明它们有潜力更好地实现恢复目标。恢复问题的目的是考虑到负载的优先级，使用最少的开关操作为其提供最大能量。基本上，希望提供一个唯一的配置，该配置对于整个负载和发电情况有效恢复期 。但是，这种独特的配置可能无法同时满足：I）DG在恢复计划开始时的启动要求，以及II）拓扑条件，使DG可以在以后为供应提供最有效的支持的负载。因此，本文建议根据DG启动要求允许有限数量的重新配置步骤。此外，本文为重新配置问题提出了一种新颖的解决方案，解决了部分还原方案，在该方案中，整个未提供的区域都无法还原。建议的决策变量多重步骤 恢复问题是：I）在重新配置过程的每个步骤中的线路切换动作，II）整个过程中的负载切换动作 恢复期 III）整个DG的有功/无功功率分配 恢复期 。轻松的交流潮流公式被集成到优化问题中，以确保有关操作安全性约束的解决方案的可行性。整体模型是根据混合整数二阶锥规划制定的。为了说明所提出策略的不同特征并证明其有效性，特别是在配电网大规模停电的情况下，研究了两种模拟方案。