Hybridization of supercapacitors (SCs) with batteries in electric vehicular applications improves battery life, acceleration, and driving range. However, the efficiency of the power electronic interface that unites batteries and SCs is affected due to wide voltage variations at the SC bank terminals. Moreover, the SCs in a bank offer low storage capacity that restricts them from serving a series of transients on a single charge. This article aims at improving the power delivery duration and energy utilization of SCs with controlled terminal voltage variations using a new bank switching configuration. A simple three-level transition control scheme is implemented for charge and discharge of the SC bank. The effectiveness of the proposed topology is validated using PLECS simulations and experimental studies on a laboratory-developed prototype. Furthermore, the suitability of the proposed SC bank in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for an electric vehicle is verified in accordance with varying load demands. The superiority of the proposed architecture is shown in terms of the SC bank voltage variations and depth of discharge under standard urban and highway drive cycles.

中文翻译：

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一种简单的三级开关架构，可延长电气化交通中超级电容器组的供电持续时间

在电动汽车应用中，超级电容器 (SC) 与电池的混合可提高电池寿命、加速度和行驶里程。然而，连接电池和 SC 的电力电子接口的效率会因 SC 组端子的电压变化很大而受到影响。此外，银行中的 SC 提供低存储容量，这限制了它们在一次充电时提供一系列瞬变。本文旨在通过使用新的组开关配置来改善具有受控端电压变化的 SC 的供电持续时间和能量利用率。为 SC 组的充电和放电实现了一个简单的三级转换控制方案。使用 PLECS 模拟和实验室开发原型的实验研究验证了所提出拓扑的有效性。此外，根据不同的负载需求，验证了所提出的 SC 组在电动汽车的混合能量存储系统 (HESS) 中的适用性。所提出架构的优越性体现在标准城市和高速公路驾驶循环下的 SC 组电压变化和放电深度方面。