This article studies electric vehicle (EV) potential to participate in the energy market and provide flexible ramping products (FRPs). EV traffic flows are predicted by the deep belief network, and the availability of flexible EVs is estimated based on the predicted EV traffic flows. Then, a novel market mechanism in distribution system is proposed to encourage the dispatchable EV demand to react to economic signals and provide ramping services. The designed market model is based on locational marginal pricing of energy and marginal pricing of FRPs. System ramping capacity constraints and EV operation constraints are incorporated in the proposed model to achieve the balance between the system social cost minimization and the EV traveling convenience. Moreover, typical uncertainties are considered by the scenario-based approach. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the established model and demonstrate the contributions of EVs to the system reliability and flexibility.

中文翻译：

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考虑灵活斜坡产品条款的电动汽车参与电力市场模型

本文研究了电动汽车 (EV) 参与能源市场并提供灵活爬坡产品 (FRP) 的潜力。EV 交通流量由深度信念网络预测，灵活 EV 的可用性根据预测的 EV 交通流量进行估计。然后，提出了一种新的配电系统市场机制，以鼓励可调度的电动汽车需求对经济信号做出反应并提供爬坡服务。设计的市场模型基于能源的边际边际定价和玻璃钢的边际定价。系统爬坡容量约束和电动汽车运行约束被纳入所提出的模型，以实现系统社会成本最小化和电动汽车出行便利性之间的平衡。此外，基于情景的方法考虑了典型的不确定性。最后，