The continuous growth of the number of electric vehicles (EVs) poses great challenges to distribution networks. Intermittent and stochastic EV access detrimentally affects the security of the power supply. In terms of unplanned events, EV users might dispersedly plug in or out at any available spot instead of ensuring identical distribution across feeders. This uneven deployment may lead to imbalanced loading conditions among the adjacent feeders. The situation may become worse with increased penetration of the distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation due to the intermittent generation characteristic. This article proposes a novel control scheme to manage the imbalanced power among feeders. In the proposed dynamic power balance system, unbalanced power can be transferred from the heavily loaded feeder to the neighboring feeder that is lightly loaded through tie-line voltage-source converters (VSCs). The tie-line VSCs are designed to connect adjacent feeders at the low-voltage side of distribution transformers via an 800 V dc link. In this way, the power variance caused by either EV or PV can be split into joint feeders and transformers so as to mitigate fluctuations. The stochastic variations on EV charging loads are addressed using a Monte–Carlo simulation technique. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on a typical distribution network with the integration of EVs and PV. It could be used as a supplementary measure to obtain a fast demand balance response without restraining EV users and to considerably curtail the risk of overloading the power distribution equipment.

中文翻译：

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考虑动态功率不平衡问题的电动汽车在配电网中的集成

电动汽车（EV）数量的持续增长给配电网络带来了巨大挑战。间歇性和随机的 EV 访问会对电源的安全性产生不利影响。就意外事件而言，电动汽车用户可能会在任何可用地点分散地插入或拔出，​​而不是确保馈线之间的分布相同。这种不均匀的部署可能会导致相邻馈线之间的负载情况不平衡。由于间歇性发电特性，随着分布式光伏 (PV) 发电渗透率的增加，情况可能会变得更糟。本文提出了一种新的控制方案来管理馈线之间的不平衡功率。在提议的动态功率平衡系统中，不平衡的电力可以通过联络线电压源转换器 (VSC) 从重载馈线传输到相邻的轻载馈线。联络线 VSC 旨在通过 800 V 直流链路连接配电变压器低压侧的相邻馈线。通过这种方式，可以将 EV 或 PV 引起的功率变化拆分为联合馈线和变压器，以减轻波动。电动汽车充电负载的随机变化使用蒙特卡罗模拟技术解决。该方案的有效性在一个典型的电动汽车和光伏集成配电网络上得到了证明。