Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is highly common, adversely affecting the health of millions of women. New therapeutic targets and diagnostics are urgently needed for BV. Microbiome research offers new prospects in this context. We report here original findings on changes in the vaginal microbiome in pregnant and nonpregnant women with BV. Reproductive age women were recruited for this study after a clinical examination. The total sample (N = 33) included four study groups: (1) healthy nonpregnant women (n = 9), (2) nonpregnant women with symptomatic BV (n = 11), (3) healthy pregnant women without BV (n = 6), and (4) pregnant women with symptomatic BV (N = 7). The vaginal microbiota in healthy women was less diverse, with dominance of a single genus, Lactobacillus. Six major phyla appeared upon taxonomic analysis of the bacterial sequences: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. For instance, Firmicutes had a significantly higher abundance (98.3%) in the nonpregnant healthy group and 94.3% in pregnant healthy group, compared with nonpregnant (49.7%) and pregnant (67%) women with BV (p = 0.003). Moreover, women with BV had significant increases in representation of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes (p = 0.0003, 0.004, and 0.01, respectively). Although the Lactobacillus genus was predominant in healthy women, Gardnerella, Atopobium, Sneathia, and Prevotella significantly increased in nonpregnant women with BV (p = 0.001, 0.014, 0.004, and 0.012, respectively). Dysbiosis of Lactobacillus in pregnant women with BV was accompanied by increased prevalence of the Streptococcus genus. These findings contribute new insights toward microbiome diagnostics and therapeutics innovation in BV.

中文翻译：

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细菌性阴道病孕妇和非孕妇阴道微生物组的变化：迈向微生物组诊断？

细菌性阴道病 (BV) 非常普遍，对数百万妇女的健康产生不利影响。BV 迫切需要新的治疗靶点和诊断方法。在此背景下，微生物组研究提供了新的前景。我们在此报告关于患有 BV 的孕妇和非孕妇阴道微生物组变化的原始发现。经临床检查后，本研究招募了生育年龄女性。总样本 ( N  = 33) 包括四个研究组：(1) 健康非孕妇 ( n  = 9)，(2) 有症状 BV 的非 孕妇( n = 11)，(3) 没有 BV 的健康孕妇 ( n  = 6) 和 (4) 有症状的 BV 孕妇 ( N = 7）。健康女性的阴道微生物群多样性较少，以单一属乳酸杆菌为主。在对细菌序列进行分类学分析时出现了六个主要门：厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、细密菌门、拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门。例如，与非妊娠 (49.7%) 和妊娠 (67%) BV 女性相比，厚壁菌门在非妊娠健康组和妊娠健康组中的丰度显着更高 (98.3%) ( p  = 0.003)。此外，妇女与BV有在放线菌，Fusobacteria的表示显著增加，拟杆菌门小号（p 分别= 0.0003，0.004和0.01，）。虽然乳酸菌属是在健康妇女主要的，加德纳菌，Atopobium，Sneathia，和普氏菌显著在非妊娠女性BV增加（p  = 0.001，0.014，0.004，和0.012，分别地）。患有 BV 的孕妇中乳酸菌的生态失调伴随着链球菌属的流行率增加。这些发现为 BV 的微生物组诊断和治疗创新提供了新的见解。