Preparation of formamides by CO₂ hydrogenation requires an efficient catalyst and temperatures around 100 °C or higher, but most catalysts reported so far incorporate rare and toxic precious metals. Five cobalt(II) or nickel(II) complexes with dmpe or PNN (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane; PNN = [(2-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)-6-diethylaminomethyl)pyridine) have been evaluated as precatalysts for the hydrogenation of CO₂ to prepare formamides from the corresponding secondary amines. The most active catalyst for these reactions was found to be [NiCl₂(dmpe)] in DMSO, producing dimethylformamide (DMF) from CO₂, H₂, and dimethylamine in up to 6300 TON, the highest activity reported for this reaction with an abundant metal-phosphine complex.

中文翻译：

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使用预制的Co（II）/ Nickel（II）配合物通过CO2加氢将胺甲酰化。

通过CO ₂氢化制备甲酰胺需要一种有效的催化剂，并且温度必须在100°C左右或更高，但是到目前为止，大多数报道的催化剂都包含稀有和有毒的贵金属。与dmpe或PNN（dmpe = 1,2-双（二甲基膦基）乙烷; PNN = [（2-（二叔丁基膦基甲基）-6-二乙基氨基甲基）吡啶）的五种钴（II）或镍（II）配合物作为用于从相应的仲胺制备甲酰胺的CO ₂氢化的前催化剂，Centry评估。发现这些反应中最活跃的催化剂是DMSO中的[NiCl ₂（dmpe）]，由CO ₂，H ₂产生二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）。，以及高达6300 TON的二甲胺，据报道该反应与丰富的金属膦配合物具有最高活性。