The influence of martensitic transformation induced plastic deformation in steel is studied using phase field simulations. A phase field framework that incorporates elastic as well as plastic effects is used. A high carbon steel is considered as an example to illustrate the coupling of martensitic transformations and plasticity. In this work, all 24 transformation variants associated with the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientational relationship are considered to realistically describe the martensitic transformation in steel. Temperature induced, as well as stress induced transformations are studied. The role of plasticity is investigated by performing simulations with and without the plastic flow. It is found that transformation plasticity plays a dual role: (1) in the case of temperature induced transformations it helps in the initial nucleation of the martensite by stabilizing the initial embryo, and (2) once the martensite starts to grow, transformation induced plasticity resists the further growth and results in stabilization of retained austenite. In contrast, the simulations in the absence of transformation induced plasticity show that the entire system transforms into martensite. For stress induced transformations, it is found that transformation induces plastic deformations, even though the applied (macroscopic) stress is lower than the yield stress. Although, the dominant contribution to the stress induced strain arises due to the formation of favored martensite variants, transformation induced plasticity generates significant additional deformation that can influence the mechanical properties and the resulting martensite domain pattern.

中文翻译：

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马氏体相变诱发塑性的相场模拟

利用相场模拟研究了马氏体相变引起的塑性变形的影响。使用结合了弹性和塑性效应的相场框架。以高碳钢为例来说明马氏体相变和塑性的耦合。在这项工作中，与Kurdjumov-Sachs取向关系相关的所有24种相变变体都被认为可以真实地描述钢的马氏体相变。研究了温度引起的以及应力引起的转变。通过在有或没有塑性流动的情况下进行模拟，可以研究可塑性的作用。发现转化可塑性起着双重作用：（1）在温度诱导相变的情况下，它通过稳定初始胚而有助于马氏体的初始成核；（2）一旦马氏体开始生长，相变诱导的可塑性阻止了进一步的生长并导致残留奥氏体的稳定化。相反，在没有相变引起可塑性的情况下的模拟表明，整个系统都转变为马氏体。对于应力引起的相变，发现即使施加的（宏观）应力低于屈服应力，相变也会引起塑性变形。尽管由于有利的马氏体变体的形成，对应力引起的应变起了主要作用，