A bottom-up approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-GA) phytomediated by Garcinia atroviridis leaf extract is described. Under optimized conditions, the AgNPs-GA were synthesized at a concentration of 0.1 M silver salt and 10% (w/v) leaf extract, 1:4 mixing ratio of reactants, pH 3, temperature 32 °C and 72 h reaction time. The AgNPs-GA were characterized by various analytical techniques and their size was determined to be 5–30 nm. FTIR spectroscopy indicates the role of phenolic functional groups in the reduction of silver ions into AgNPs-GA and in supporting their subsequent stability. The UV-Visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 450 nm which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs-GA and further supports the stability of these biosynthesized nanoparticles. SEM, TEM and XRD diffractogram analyses indicate that AgNPs-GA were spherical and face-centered-cubic in shape. This study also describes the efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs-GA as anti-proliferative agent against human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1. Our findings indicate that AgNPs-GA possess significant anti-proliferative effects against both the MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 cell lines, with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50 values) of 2.0 and 34.0 µg/mL, respectively, after 72 h of treatment. An induction of apoptosis was evidenced by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Therefore, AgNPs-GA exhibited its anti-proliferative activity via apoptosis on MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 breast cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, the leaf extract from Garcinia atroviridis was found to be highly capable of producing AgNPs-GA with favourable physicochemical and biological properties.

中文翻译：

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银纳米粒子的自下而上合成方法可诱导针对 MCF-7、MCF-7/TAMR-1 和 MCF-10A 人乳腺细胞系的抗增殖和凋亡活性

描述了一种由藤黄叶提取物介导的合成银纳米粒子 (AgNPs-GA) 植物介导的自下而上的方法。在优化条件下，以 0.1 M 银盐和 10% (w/v) 叶提取物的浓度、1:4 的反应物混合比、pH 3、温度 32 °C 和 72 h 反应时间合成 AgNPs-GA。AgNPs-GA 通过各种分析技术进行表征，其尺寸确定为 5-30 nm。FTIR 光谱表明酚类官能团在将银离子还原为 AgNPs-GA 并支持其后续稳定性方面的作用。紫外-可见光谱在 450 nm 处显示吸收峰，这反映了 AgNPs-GA 的表面等离子体共振 (SPR)，并进一步支持这些生物合成纳米粒子的稳定性。扫描电镜，TEM 和 XRD 衍射图分析表明 AgNPs-GA 是球形和面心立方的形状。本研究还描述了生物合成的 AgNPs-GA 作为抗人乳腺癌细胞系、MCF-7 和 MCF-7/TAMR-1 增殖剂的功效。我们的研究结果表明，AgNPs-GA 对 MCF-7 和 MCF-7/TAMR-1 细胞系均具有显着的抗增殖作用，50% 时的抑制浓度（IC50 值）分别为 2.0 和 34.0 µg/mL，处理 72 小时后。使用膜联蛋白 V-FITC 和碘化丙啶染色的流式细胞术证实了细胞凋亡的诱导。因此，AgNPs-GA 通过体外对 MCF-7 和 MCF-7/TAMR-1 乳腺癌细胞的凋亡表现出其抗增殖活性。综合起来，