Research Highlights: The molecular mechanisms underlying woody plant resistance upon oviposition by herbivores remain unclear, as studies have focused on herbaceous plants. The effect of oviposition on gene expression in neighboring plants has also not been reported. Elucidating these molecular responses can help cultivate insect-resistant trees. Background and Objectives: Oviposition by herbivorous insects acts as an early warning signal, inducing plant resistance responses. Here, we employed poplar as a model woody plant to elucidate gene expression and the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance after oviposition by Micromelalopha sieversi (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Materials and Methods: The differences in gene expression of two Populus section Aigeiros clones (‘108’ (Populus × euramericana ‘Guariento’) and ‘111’ (Populus × euramericana ‘Bellotto’)) were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of oviposited, neighboring, and control plants. Results: We obtained 304,526,107 reads, with an average length of 300 bp and a total size of 40.77 Gb. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gene ontology terms of biological process, cellular component, and molecular function were mainly enriched in the “cell part”, “catalytic”, and “metabolic process” functions. Moreover, DEGs were mainly enriched in the following pathways: plant-pathogen interaction, linoleic acid metabolism, and cyanoamino acid metabolism (108-O vs. 108-C); metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, nitrogen metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism (111-O vs. 111-C); metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (111-N vs. 111-C); no pathways were significantly enriched in 108-N vs. 108-C. Up-regulated defense genes were associated with pathogenesis-related protein function, innate immune regulation, and biological stress response, with differences in specific genes. All genes related to photosynthetic activity were significantly down-regulated in oviposited and neighboring leaves of the two clones. Conclusions: Oviposited and neighboring ‘108’ and ‘111’ plants exhibited varying degrees of resistance upon oviposition, involving the up-regulation of various defense genes, decreased photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, and increased secondary metabolic synthesis.

中文翻译：

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细微木瓜（Staudinger）产卵行为对两个胡杨节无性系无性系转录组的影响

研究要点：由于研究集中在草本植物上，因此草食动物对木本植物产生抗性的分子机制尚不清楚。产卵对邻近植物中基因表达的影响也没有报道。阐明这些分子反应可以帮助种植抗虫树。背景与目的：草食性昆虫的产卵是一种预警信号，可诱导植物产生抗药性。在这里，我们采用杨树作为模型木本植物，阐明了Micromelalopha sieversi（Staudinger）（鳞翅目：Notodontidae）产卵后的基因表达和植物抗性的分子机制。材料和方法：通过产卵，邻近和对照的高通量测序，分析了两个杨树节Aigeiros克隆（“ 108”（杨树×美洲“ Guariento””和“ 111”（杨树×美洲“ Bellotto”））的基因表达差异。植物。结果：我们获得了304,526,107个读段，平均长度为300 bp，总大小为40.77 Gb。在生物过程，细胞成分和分子功能的基因本体论方面，差异表达基因（DEG）主要富集于“细胞部分”，“催化”和“代谢过程”功能。此外，DEGs主要在以下途径中富集：植物-病原体相互作用，亚油酸代谢和氰基氨基酸代谢（108-O与108-C）；代谢途径，光合作用，光合作用-触角蛋白，氮代谢和亚油酸代谢（111-O与111-C）；次生代谢产物的代谢途径和生物合成（111-N与111-C）；与108-C相比，108-N中没有显着丰富的途径。防御基因上调与发病相关的蛋白功能有关，先天性免疫调节和生物应激反应，但特定基因有所不同。与光合作用相关的所有基因在两个克隆的卵生叶和邻近叶中均显着下调。结论：产卵的和邻近的'108'和'111'植物在产卵后表现出不同程度的抗性，包括各种防御基因的上调，光合作用和养分积累的减少以及次级代谢合成的增加。