Abstract

Reactive metal/metal-oxide based nanoenergetic materials find tremendous applications in propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. This paper reports on the synthesis of CuO nanobricks (CuO_nb) using simple and rapid solid-state methods and investigation of the combustion reactivity (combustion propagation speed, peak pressure and pressurization rate) of as-synthesized copper oxide nanobricks with nano-aluminum and catalytic activity of copper oxide nanobricks in thermal decomposition of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄). The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy revealed the fabrication of CuO nanobricks (length of sub-150 nm with square cross-section of size of sub-25 nm). The CuO_nb based nano-aluminum energetic composites (Al/CuO_nb) exhibited excellent combustion characteristics with combustion propagation speed of 1,760 ± 25 m/s, peak pressure of 61.2 MPa, pressurization rate of 1.02 MPa/µs and heat of reaction of 750 J/g respectively. The copper oxide nanobricks expressed high catalytic activity in thermal decomposition of LiClO₄ by accelerating the thermal decomposition to start and accomplish at lower temperature than the pure lithium perchlorate.

摘要

基于反应性金属/金属氧化物的纳米能材料在推进剂、炸药和烟火中有着巨大的应用。本文报道了使用简单快速的固态方法合成 CuO 纳米砖 (CuO _nb ) 和研究合成的氧化铜纳米砖与纳米铝和氧化铜纳米砖在高氯酸锂 (LiClO ₄ )热分解中的催化活性。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和透射电子显微镜揭示了 CuO 纳米砖的制造（长度小于 150 nm，方形横截面尺寸小于 25 nm）。CuO _nb基纳米铝含能复合材料 (Al/CuO_nb ) 表现出优异的燃烧特性，燃烧传播速度为 1,760 ± 25 m/s，峰值压力为 61.2 MPa，加压速率为 1.02 MPa/µs，反应热分别为 750 J/g。氧化铜纳米砖通过加速热分解在比纯高氯酸锂更低的温度下开始和完成，在LiClO ₄的热分解中表现出高催化活性。