Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to measure the residual concentration along with the ecological risk of common VAs in poultry litter in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted so as to provide an understanding the perspective of prescribers and farmers. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were screened through the use of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, methods of risk quotient (RQ) were applied to assess ecotoxicity. Most VAs were prescribed without a confirmatory diagnosis. The residue of CIP was dominant with a high concentration, followed by OTC but with a low concentration. A high ecological risk was associated with the use of OTC and DOX whereas the risk associated with the use of CIP and ENR was insignificant to low. The study highlights prescriber and user factors along with the variable ecological risk of VAs in litter.

兽用抗生素（VA）主要通过施用有机肥料进入生态系统。然而，尚未研究影响处方者及其使用者对家禽粪便中VA的贡献的因素。因此，本文的目的是确定与VA处方和用法有关的因素，以及衡量孟加拉国家禽垫料中常见VA的残留浓度以及生态风险。进行了结构化的问卷调查，以便提供对处方者和农民的看法的理解。通过使用薄层色谱（TLC）筛选环丙沙星（CIP），恩诺沙星（ENR），土霉素（OTC）和强力霉素（DOX），并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）进行定量。也，应用风险商（RQ）方法评估生态毒性。多数VA处方未经过确诊诊断。CIP的残留物以高浓度为主，其次是OTC，但浓度低。使用OTC和DOX具有较高的生态风险，而使用CIP和ENR则具有较低的生态风险。该研究突出了处方者和使用者因素以及垫料中VA的可变生态风险。