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Mitochondrial Transformations in the Ageing Human Placenta.
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2020
Lucy A Bartho 1 , Joshua J Fisher 2 , James S M Cuffe 3 , Anthony V Perkins 1
Affiliation  

Mitochondria play a key role in homeostasis and are central to one of the leading hypotheses of ageing, the free radical theory. Mitochondria function as a reticulated network, constantly adapting to the cellular environment through fusion (joining), biogenesis (formation of new mitochondria) and fission (separation). This adaptive response is particularly important in response to oxidative stress, cellular damage and ageing, when mitochondria are selectively removed through mitophagy, a mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. During this complex process, mitochondria influence surrounding cell biology and organelles through the release of signalling molecules. Given that the human placenta is a unique organ having a transient and somewhat defined lifespan of approximately 280 days, any adaption or dysfunction associated with mitochondrial physiology as a result of ageing will have a dramatic impact on the health and function of both the placenta and the fetus. Additionally, a defective placenta during gestation, resulting in reduced fetal growth, has been shown to influence the development of chronic disease in later life. In this review we focus on the mitochondrial adaptions and transformations which accompany gestational length and share similarities with aged related diseases. In addition, we will discuss the role of such changes in regulating placental function throughout gestation, the aetiology of gestational complications and in the development of chronic diseases later in life.

中文翻译:

人体胎盘老化中的线粒体转化。

线粒体在体内平衡中起关键作用,并且是衰老的主要假设之一(自由基理论)的核心。线粒体起网状网络的作用,通过融合(结合),生物发生(新线粒体的形成)和裂变(分离)不断适应细胞环境。当通过线粒体(自噬的线粒体等效物)选择性去除线粒体时,这种适应性反应对于氧化应激,细胞损伤和衰老尤其重要。在这个复杂的过程中,线粒体通过释放信号分子影响周围的细胞生物学和细胞器。鉴于人类胎盘是一个独特的器官,其生命周期短暂且定义明确,大约为280天,衰老导致的与线粒体生理相关的任何适应或功能障碍都会对胎盘和胎儿的健康和功能产生重大影响。另外,已证明妊娠期间胎盘有缺陷,导致胎儿生长减少,影响了以后生命中慢性病的发展。在这篇综述中,我们着重于线粒体的适应和转化,这些适应和转化伴随着妊娠期的发展,并与老年相关疾病有着相似之处。此外,我们将讨论这种变化在整个妊娠过程中调节胎盘功能,妊娠并发症的病因以及在以后的慢性疾病发展中的作用。妊娠期胎盘有缺陷,导致胎儿生长减少,已被证明会影响以后的慢性疾病的发展。在这篇综述中,我们重点研究线粒体的适应和转化,这些适应和转化伴随着妊娠期的发展,并与老年相关疾病有着相似之处。此外,我们将讨论这种变化在整个妊娠过程中调节胎盘功能,妊娠并发症的病因以及在以后的慢性疾病发展中的作用。妊娠期胎盘有缺陷,导致胎儿生长减少,已被证明会影响以后的慢性疾病的发展。在这篇综述中,我们重点研究线粒体的适应和转化,这些适应和转化伴随着妊娠期的发展,并与老年相关疾病有着相似之处。此外,我们将讨论这种变化在整个妊娠过程中调节胎盘功能,妊娠并发症的病因以及在以后的慢性疾病发展中的作用。
更新日期:2020-09-22
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