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A map of decoy influence in human multialternative choice.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005058117
Tsvetomira Dumbalska 1 , Vickie Li 1 , Konstantinos Tsetsos 2 , Christopher Summerfield 3
Affiliation  

Human decisions can be biased by irrelevant information. For example, choices between two preferred alternatives can be swayed by a third option that is inferior or unavailable. Previous work has identified three classic biases, known as the attraction, similarity, and compromise effects, which arise during choices between economic alternatives defined by two attributes. However, the reliability, interrelationship, and computational origin of these three biases have been controversial. Here, a large cohort of human participants made incentive-compatible choices among assets that varied in price and quality. Instead of focusing on the three classic effects, we sampled decoy stimuli exhaustively across bidimensional multiattribute space and constructed a full map of decoy influence on choices between two otherwise preferred target items. Our analysis reveals that the decoy influence map is highly structured even beyond the three classic biases. We identify a very simple model that can fully reproduce the decoy influence map and capture its variability in individual participants. This model reveals that the three decoy effects are not distinct phenomena but are all special cases of a more general principle, by which attribute values are repulsed away from the context provided by rival options. The model helps us understand why the biases are typically correlated across participants and allows us to validate a prediction about their interrelationship. This work helps to clarify the origin of three of the most widely studied biases in human decision-making.



中文翻译:

诱饵对人的多种选择的影响图。

人为的决定可能会因不相关的信息而产生偏差。例如,两个首选选项之间的选择可能会因劣等或不可用的第三个选项而受到影响。先前的工作已经确定了三种经典偏差,即吸引力,相似性和折衷效应,这是在两个属性定义的经济选择之间进行选择时出现的。但是,这三个偏差的可靠性,相互关系和计算来源一直存在争议。在这里,一大批人类参与者在价格和质量各不相同的资产中做出了激励兼容的选择。我们不再关注三种经典效果,而是在二维多属性空间上详尽地采样了诱饵刺激,并构建了诱饵对两个原本首选目标项目之间选择的影响的完整地图。我们的分析表明,诱饵影响图具有高度结构化,甚至超出了三个经典偏见。我们确定了一个非常简单的模型,该模型可以完全重现诱饵影响图并捕获单个参与者的变化。该模型表明,这三种诱饵效应不是不同的现象,而是更普遍原则的所有特例,通过这些特例,属性值被排斥而脱离了竞争对手的选择权。该模型可以帮助我们理解为什么偏见通常会在参与者之间相关联,并允许我们验证有关他们之间相互关系的预测。这项工作有助于弄清人类决策中研究最广泛的三个偏见的根源。我们确定了一个非常简单的模型,该模型可以完全重现诱饵影响图并捕获单个参与者的变化。该模型表明,这三种诱饵效应不是不同的现象,而是更普遍原则的所有特例,通过这些特例,属性值被排斥而脱离了竞争对手的选择权。该模型可帮助我们理解为什么偏见通常会在参与者之间相关联,并使我们能够验证有关他们之间相互关系的预测。这项工作有助于弄清人类决策中研究最广泛的三个偏见的根源。我们确定了一个非常简单的模型,该模型可以完全重现诱饵影响图并捕获单个参与者的变化。该模型表明,这三种诱饵效应不是不同的现象,而是更普遍原则的所有特例,通过这些特例,属性值被排斥在竞争对手选择权所提供的范围之外。该模型可帮助我们理解为什么偏见通常会在参与者之间相关联,并使我们能够验证有关他们之间相互关系的预测。这项工作有助于弄清人类决策中三种最广泛研究的偏见的起源。通过这种方式,属性值被排斥在竞争对手选择权所提供的上下文之外。该模型可帮助我们理解为什么偏见通常会在参与者之间相关联,并使我们能够验证有关他们之间相互关系的预测。这项工作有助于弄清人类决策中三种最广泛研究的偏见的起源。通过这种方式,属性值被排斥在竞争对手选择权所提供的上下文之外。该模型可帮助我们理解为什么偏见通常会在参与者之间相关联,并使我们能够验证有关他们之间相互关系的预测。这项工作有助于弄清人类决策中研究最广泛的三个偏见的根源。

更新日期:2020-10-07
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