Abstract Large eddy simulations (LES) can provide a powerful tool for cladding design, but their accuracy strongly depends on the correct representation of the incoming atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The objective of this work is to validate LES of a wind tunnel experiment of wind loading on a high-rise building, focusing on accounting for sensitivity to the incoming ABL. We define three uncertain parameters, i.e. the roughness length of the terrain, the turbulence kinetic energy, and the integral time-scale, using the available experimental data. Subsequently we perform 27 LES using different combinations of these parameters. The results indicate that (1) accurately quantifying the turbulence statistics at the building location, rather than at the inflow, is essential when analyzing LES of wind loading, and (2) correctly accounting for inflow uncertainty when performing validation against experiments could drastically improve confidence in the predictions. By accounting for this uncertainty, we predict intervals that encompass the experimental data for the rms pressure coefficients. The magnitude of the local peak pressure coefficients is generally under-predicted by 12 % ; however, the predicted intervals for design pressure coefficients on cladding panels of different sizes located at the upper-windward corner of the building fully encompass the experimental result.

中文翻译：

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高层建筑风荷载 LES 预测对流入边界条件的敏感性

摘要 大涡模拟 (LES) 可以为包层设计提供强大的工具，但其准确性在很大程度上取决于传入大气边界层 (ABL) 的正确表示。这项工作的目的是验证高层建筑风荷载风洞实验的 LES，重点是考虑对传入 ABL 的敏感性。我们使用可用的实验数据定义了三个不确定参数，即地形的粗糙度长度、湍流动能和积分时间尺度。随后，我们使用这些参数的不同组合执行 27 个 LES。结果表明，(1) 在分析风荷载的 LES 时，准确量化建筑物位置而非流入处的湍流统计数据是必不可少的，(2) 在对实验进行验证时正确考虑流入的不确定性可以大大提高预测的信心。通过考虑这种不确定性，我们预测包含均方根压力系数实验数据的区间。局部峰值压力系数的大小通常被低估了 12%；然而，位于建筑物上风角的不同尺寸覆层板上设计压力系数的预测区间完全包含了实验结果。局部峰值压力系数的大小通常被低估了 12%；然而，位于建筑物上风角的不同尺寸覆层板上设计压力系数的预测区间完全包含了实验结果。局部峰值压力系数的大小通常被低估了 12%；然而，位于建筑物上风角的不同尺寸覆层板上设计压力系数的预测区间完全包含了实验结果。