Abstract In this research the expanded carbon microspheres (ECMS)s were architected using citric acid and sucrose as novel raw materials, as well as ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel route using citric acid and they were composited based on a modified sol-gel method. All of the applied analyses including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) attested that the pure ECMS/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite has been synthesized. Besides, the magnetic, optical, and microwave performance of prepared structures were evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and vector network analyzer (VNA), respectively. Moreover, the medium and interfacial effects on the microwave characteristics were investigated by polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrices. It is found that ECMSs could diminish the energy band gap of nanoparticles, confirmed by the result of ECMS/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite. Additionally, ZnAl2O4/PVDF nanocomposite demonstrated a significant maximum reflection loss (RL) of 84.95 dB at 13.63 GHz with a thickness of 2.00 mm, whereas ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PS illustrated a considerable efficient bandwidth as wide as 7.47 GHz (RL > 10 dB) with 2.00 mm in thickness. Noteworthy, an eye-catching efficient bandwidth of 3.10 GHz (RL > 20 dB) was achieved by ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PVDF nanocomposite.

中文翻译：

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膨胀碳微球/ZnAl2O4纳米复合材料的制备及其微波、磁、光性能研究

摘要 本研究以柠檬酸和蔗糖为新型原料构建了膨胀碳微球（ECMS），并使用柠檬酸通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了 ZnAl2O4 纳米颗粒，并基于改性溶胶进行复合。凝胶法。包括 X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM) 在内的所有应用分析都证明纯 ECMS/ZnAl2O4 纳米复合材料已经过合成的。此外，分别通过振动样品磁强计（VSM）、漫反射光谱（DRS）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）评估了所制备结构的磁、光学和微波性能。而且，通过聚苯乙烯 (PS) 和聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 基质研究了介质和界面对微波特性的影响。ECMS/ZnAl2O4 纳米复合材料的结果证实了 ECMSs 可以减小纳米粒子的能带隙。此外，ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料在 13.63 GHz 下表现出 84.95 dB 的显着最大反射损耗 (RL)，厚度为 2.00 毫米，而 ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PS 显示了高达 7.47 GHz (RL > 10 dB) 的相当有效的带宽厚度为 2.00 毫米。值得注意的是，ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料实现了引人注目的 3.10 GHz (RL > 20 dB) 有效带宽。ECMS/ZnAl2O4 纳米复合材料的结果证实。此外，ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料在 13.63 GHz 下表现出 84.95 dB 的显着最大反射损耗 (RL)，厚度为 2.00 毫米，而 ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PS 显示了高达 7.47 GHz (RL > 10 dB) 的相当有效的带宽厚度为 2.00 毫米。值得注意的是，ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料实现了引人注目的 3.10 GHz (RL > 20 dB) 有效带宽。ECMS/ZnAl2O4 纳米复合材料的结果证实。此外，ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料在 13.63 GHz 下表现出 84.95 dB 的显着最大反射损耗 (RL)，厚度为 2.00 毫米，而 ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PS 显示了高达 7.47 GHz (RL > 10 dB) 的相当有效的带宽厚度为 2.00 毫米。值得注意的是，ECMS/ZnAl2O4/PVDF 纳米复合材料实现了引人注目的 3.10 GHz (RL > 20 dB) 有效带宽。