The wheel high-order polygonal wear leads to strong vibration/ noise and deterioration of railway systems, whose distribution is closely related to the seasonality and wheelset position. To elucidate its initiation mechanism and distribution rule, a multi-vehicle-track coupled dynamic model considering the wheel-rail variable friction characteristics was established and the OOR growth rate used to evaluate the degree of polygonal wear initiation was proposed. The wheel-rail resonance and OOR growth rate was simulated, and compared with the results under the single/ double/ multiple wheelset-rail interactions. We find that the rail bending modes between wheels of bogie are the key to induce friction power resonance and polygonal wear initiation, in which the rail 3rd-order bending resonance between wheels of bogie is the root cause of the high-order polygonal wear. The rail bending resonance between wheels of adjacent bogies accelerates the further growth of polygonal wear. Furthermore, by analyzing the influence of wheel-rail friction coefficient, fastener stiffness, and curve track on the polygonal wear, the distribution rule related to the seasonality and wheelset position was explained. The polygonal wear is more frequent and severe in summer than in other seasons, mainly due to frequent rainfalls, followed by high temperatures. The 1st /4th wheelset is prone to form the polygonal wear, which is due to the vehicle reciprocates on the railway line containing curves and the rail bending resonance between wheels of adjacent bogies. The research is expected to provide guidance for the prevention and service of polygonal wear.

车轮的高阶多边形磨损会导致强烈的振动/噪音以及铁路系统的退化，铁路系统的分布与季节和轮对位置密切相关。为了阐明其起爆机理和分布规律，建立了考虑轮轨可变摩擦特性的多车轨耦合动力学模型，并提出了用于评价多边形磨损起爆程度的OOR增长率。模拟了轮-轨共振和OOR增长率，并将其与单/双/多轮对-轨相互作用下的结果进行了比较。我们发现转向架车轮之间的轨道弯曲模式是引起摩擦力共振和多边形磨损引发的关键，转向架车轮之间的轨道三阶弯曲共振是高阶多边形磨损的根本原因。相邻转向架轮之间的钢轨弯曲共振加速了多边形磨损的进一步增长。此外，通过分析轮轨摩擦系数，紧固件刚度和曲线轨迹对多边形磨损的影响，解释了与季节和轮对位置有关的分布规律。与其他季节相比，夏季多边形磨损更为频繁和严重，这主要是由于降雨频繁，随后是高温。第1/4轮对易于形成多边形磨损，这是由于车辆在包含曲线的铁路线上往复运动以及相邻转向架的车轮之间的铁路弯曲共振所致。