Abstract Recent evidence shows that adolescents across the globe are increasingly encountering hateful material on the Internet. However, the factors that lead adolescents to fall victim to cyberhate are still not well understood. To address this gap in the literature and assist media education campaigns in developing theoretically-grounded prevention programs, the present study utilizes Routine Activity Theory to investigate whether witnessing cyberhate (exposure to motivated offenders), parental mediation of Internet use (capable guardianship), and adolescents' online disclosure of private information (target suitability) predict cyberhate victimization among adolescents. Participants consisted of 6829 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18 (Mage = 14.93; SD = 1.64) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, India, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and the United States. Results showed that witnessing cyberhate was positively correlated with cyberhate victimization. Further, instructive parental mediation was negatively associated with cyberhate victimization, while restrictive parental mediation demonstrated the opposite effect, suggesting that the form of parental mediation matters when attempting to reduce adolescents’ risk for cyberhate victimization. Finally, online disclosure was positively associated with cyberhate victimization. Consequently, the present investigation confirms the usefulness of applying Routine Activity Theory to cyberhate victimization. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for effective prevention programs. Based on the findings of this study, media education training that equips adolescents with the skills they need to manage cyberhate experiences, increase their critical attitudes about private information they share online, and inform parents to use effective mediation strategies to diminish dangers associated with cyberhate is suggested.

中文翻译：

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“DNT LET 'EM H8 U！”：应用日常活动框架来了解八个国家青少年的网络仇恨受害情况

摘要 最近的证据表明，全球青少年越来越多地在互联网上遇到仇恨材料。然而，导致青少年成为网络仇恨受害者的因素仍不清楚。为了解决文献中的这一空白并协助媒体教育运动制定以理论为基础的预防计划，本研究利用日常活动理论来调查是否目击网络仇恨（暴露于有动机的犯罪者）、互联网使用的父母调解（有能力的监护），以及青少年在线披露私人信息（目标适用性）预测青少年网络仇恨受害。参与者包括 6829 名青少年，年龄从 12 岁到 18 岁（法师 = 14.93；SD = 1.64），来自塞浦路斯、德国、希腊、印度、韩国、西班牙、泰国、和美国。结果表明，目睹网络仇恨与网络仇恨受害呈正相关。此外，指导性父母调解与网络仇恨受害呈负相关，而限制性父母调解表现出相反的效果，表明父母调解的形式在试图降低青少年遭受网络仇恨受害的风险时很重要。最后，在线披露与网络仇恨受害呈正相关。因此，本调查证实了将日常活动理论应用于网络仇恨受害的有用性。此外，调查结果强调了有效预防计划的必要性。根据这项研究的结果，为青少年提供管理网络仇恨体验所需的技能的媒体教育培训，