Leafy mustard (B. juncea var. rugosa) constitutes an important group of vegetable mustard crops in India and is mainly cultivated in home-backyard and hilly regions of Uttarakhand and some North-eastern states. In the present study, various agro-morphological traits, physiological and biochemical traits along with SSR markers were used for genetic diversity evaluation in a germplasm collection of leafy mustard. This study revealed a significant variation among 59 accessions of leafy mustard in both qualitative and quantitative agro-morphological traits indicating the accessions’ promising potential for consumption purpose and for use in breeding programs. Maximum variability was recorded for leaf area elongation rate (CV = 53.12%), followed by total plant weight (TPW) (CV = 50.63%) and seed yield per plant (CV = 44.33%). In molecular analysis, 155 SSRs evaluated resulted in 482 alleles and the number of alleles varied form 1 to 8 with an average of 3.11 alleles per marker. A total of 122 (78.70%) SSRs resulted into polymorphic amplicons. PIC value varied from 0.32 to 0.77 with an average value of 0.44 per SSR locus. The unweighted neighbour-joining-based dendrogram analysis divided all the 59 accessions into two major groups on the basis of both agro-morphological traits and SSR markers, whereas, three subpopulations/subgroups were predicted by population STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA indicated the presence of more variability within population than among population. Overall, agro-morphologically better performing and genetically diverse genotypes have been identified which could be further used as donors for leafy mustard improvement programs.

绿叶芥菜 ( B. juncea var. rugosa）是印度重要的芥菜类作物，主要种植在北阿坎德邦和东北部一些州的家庭后院和丘陵地区。在本研究中，各种农业形态性状、生理和生化性状以及 SSR 标记被用于叶芥菜种质资源的遗传多样性评估。这项研究揭示了 59 份叶芥菜种质在定性和定量的农业形态性状方面存在显着差异，表明这些种质在消费目的和育种计划中的应用潜力巨大。记录叶面积伸长率 (CV = 53.12%) 的最大变异性，其次是植物总重 (TPW) (CV = 50.63%) 和单株种子产量 (CV = 44.33%)。在分子分析中，评估的 155 个 SSR 产生了 482 个等位基因，等位基因的数量从 1 到 8 个不等，每个标记平均有 3.11 个等位基因。总共 122 (78.70%) 个 SSR 产生了多态性扩增子。PIC 值从 0.32 到 0.77 不等，每个 SSR 基因座的平均值为 0.44。未加权的基于相邻连接的树状图分析根据农业形态性状和 SSR 标记将所有 59 种材料分为两个主要组，而通过种群结构分析预测了三个亚群/亚群。AMOVA 表明群体内的变异性大于群体之间的变异性。总体而言，已经确定了在农业形态学上表现更好且遗传多样性的基因型，这些基因型可以进一步用作叶菜芥菜改良计划的捐助者。