A drug-delivery approach was developed through effective preparation of bio-nanocomposite hydrogels in situ with ZnO/CuO/Ag nanoparticles being formed within swollen carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels. Different experimental techniques, including Fourier transform-infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to study and compare the prepared hydrogels. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed the formation of nanoparticles in the hydrogel matrix, while SEM micrographs showed that ZnO, CuO and Ag nanoparticles ranged from 36.26 to 76.09 nm, 34.15–71.71 nm and 36.21–78.47 nm within the same matrix, respectively. According to the results, an increased number of nanoparticles resulted from increased ion concentration. At pH 2.1 and pH 7.4, the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated in terms of the swelling behaviour; in comparison with neat CMCh/PVA hydrogel, they showed a pH-sensitive swelling ratio. As an in-vitro drug release test, the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels were applied to sustained and controlled drug-delivery system that increased with the increase in nanoparticles content that could result in protracted release of the ibuprofen.

中文翻译：

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原位合成的羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇生物纳米复合水凝胶含有具有药物递送特性的纳米颗粒

通过在溶胀的羧甲基壳聚糖 (CMCh)/聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 水凝胶中形成 ZnO/CuO/Ag 纳米颗粒，通过原位有效制备生物纳米复合水凝胶开发了一种药物递送方法。应用不同的实验技术，包括傅里叶变换红外、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 分析和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 来研究和比较制备的水凝胶。XRD 和 EDX 分析证实了纳米颗粒在水凝胶基质中的形成，而 SEM 显微照片显示 ZnO、CuO 和 Ag 纳米颗粒在同一基质中的范围分别为 36.26 至 76.09 nm、34.15-71.71 nm 和 36.21-78.47 nm。根据结果​​，离子浓度增加导致纳米颗粒数量增加。在 pH 2.1 和 pH 7.4 时，研究了生物纳米复合水凝胶的溶胀行为；与纯 CMCh/PVA 水凝胶相比，它们表现出对 pH 值敏感的溶胀率。作为体外药物释放试验，将生物纳米复合水凝胶应用于持续和受控的药物递送系统，该系统随着纳米颗粒含量的增加而增加，这可能导致布洛芬的延长释放。