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The information theory of individuality
Theory in Biosciences ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s12064-020-00313-7
David Krakauer , Nils Bertschinger , Eckehard Olbrich , Jessica C. Flack , Nihat Ay

Despite the near universal assumption of individuality in biology, there is little agreement about what individuals are and few rigorous quantitative methods for their identification. Here, we propose that individuals are aggregates that preserve a measure of temporal integrity, i.e., “propagate” information from their past into their futures. We formalize this idea using information theory and graphical models. This mathematical formulation yields three principled and distinct forms of individuality—an organismal, a colonial, and a driven form—each of which varies in the degree of environmental dependence and inherited information. This approach can be thought of as a Gestalt approach to evolution where selection makes figure-ground (agent–environment) distinctions using suitable information-theoretic lenses. A benefit of the approach is that it expands the scope of allowable individuals to include adaptive aggregations in systems that are multi-scale, highly distributed, and do not necessarily have physical boundaries such as cell walls or clonal somatic tissue. Such individuals might be visible to selection but hard to detect by observers without suitable measurement principles. The information theory of individuality allows for the identification of individuals at all levels of organization from molecular to cultural and provides a basis for testing assumptions about the natural scales of a system and argues for the importance of uncertainty reduction through coarse-graining in adaptive systems.

中文翻译:

个性化信息论

尽管在生物学中普遍普遍认为个体具有个性,但是关于个体是什么却几乎没有共识,也很少有严格的定量方法来鉴定它们。在这里,我们建议个人是保持一定程度的时间完整性的集合体,即从过去到未来的“传播”信息。我们使用信息论和图形模型将这一想法形式化。这种数学表述产生了三种原则上的独特形式的个体形式(有机体,殖民地和驱动型),每种形式在对环境的依赖程度和继承的信息上都各不相同。这种方法可以看作是格式塔的进化方法,在这种方法中,选择使用合适的信息论透镜来区分人物背景(主体-环境)。该方法的好处是它扩大了允许个体的范围,以在多尺度,高度分布且不一定具有物理边界(例如细胞壁或克隆体细胞组织)的系统中包括自适应聚集。这样的个体对于选择来说可能是可见的,但是如果没有合适的测量原理,观察者将很难发现。个性化的信息理论可以识别从分子到文化的各个组织层次的个体,并为测试有关系统自然规模的假设提供基础,并指出通过自适应系统中的粗粒度减少不确定性的重要性。并且不一定具有物理边界,例如细胞壁或克隆体细胞组织。这样的个体对于选择来说可能是可见的,但是如果没有合适的测量原理,观察者将很难发现。个性化的信息理论可以识别从分子到文化的各个组织层次的个体,并为测试有关系统自然规模的假设提供基础,并指出通过自适应系统中的粗粒度减少不确定性的重要性。并且不一定具有物理边界,例如细胞壁或克隆体细胞组织。这样的个体对于选择来说可能是可见的,但是如果没有合适的测量原理,观察者将很难发现。个性化的信息理论可以识别从分子到文化的各个组织层次的个体,并为测试有关系统自然规模的假设提供基础,并指出通过自适应系统中的粗粒度减少不确定性的重要性。
更新日期:2020-03-24
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