Successful immunologic control of HIV infection can be achieved in long-term non-progressors or HIV-1 controllers. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for specific antigen presentation to naïve T lymphocytes and for antiviral, type I interferon secretion. To understand this mechanism, we develop a mathematical model that describes the role of direct presentation (replicating virus-infected DCs or other [Formula: see text] T cells directly) and cross presentation (DCs obtain antigen processed in other infected cells such as [Formula: see text] T lymphocytes) during HIV-1 infection. We find equilibria and determine stability in the case of no vaccination, and then, when vaccination is taken, we determine analytical thresholds for the strength and frequency of the vaccine to ensure the disease-free equilibrium remains stable. Our theoretical results suggest that the restoration of DC numbers may be predictive of immune restoration and may be a goal for immunotherapy to enhance viral control in a larger proportion of patients.

中文翻译：

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将单核细胞衍生的树突状细胞建模为抗 HIV 的治疗性疫苗

在长期非进展者或 HIV-1 控制者中，可以成功实现对 HIV 感染的免疫控制。树突状细胞 (DC) 是向幼稚 T 淋巴细胞特异性抗原呈递和抗病毒 I 型干扰素分泌所必需的。为了理解这种机制，我们开发了一个数学模型来描述直接呈递（直接复制病毒感染的 DC 或其他 [公式：见文本] T 细胞）和交叉呈递（DC 获得在其他感染细胞中加工的抗原，例如 [...]公式：见正文] T 淋巴细胞）在 HIV-1 感染期间。我们在未接种疫苗的情况下找到平衡并确定稳定性，然后，在接种疫苗时，我们确定疫苗强度和频率的分析阈值，以确保无病平衡保持稳定。