Abstract

The taxonomic composition of section Typha, genus Typha L. (Typhaceae Juss.), is considered. An ecological reconstruction for the Cenozoic geological epochs is proposed. The representatives of section Typha reached acme in the Paleogene (Poltavian flora). Climate cooling, first manifested during the Pliocene, was followed by shrinkage and insularization of the Eurasian living range of the section in the Pleistocene. However, the rapid expansion of cattail populations to the numerous glacial lakes of European Russia started after the regression of the Valdai glacier. Asian populations of the section Typha were formed under the harsh conditions to which the Arctotertiary flora of Eastern Siberia was exposed. The relief of Northeastern and Central Asia was transformed during the Oligocene, as the waters of the Thetys Sea regressed and vast land territories emerged: as a result, many Paleogene (Angarid) cattail populations became extinct. Some were preserved in refugia of the subarctic and Arctic zones. Cattail migrations during the Pleistocene were apparently halted and resumed according to the fluctuations of the water level of the Pacific Ocean and the joining or separation of land at the Beringian isthmus. The hybridization processes triggered by the separation of European and Asian populations attenuated the speciation processes. Cattail populations sensitive to moisture supply were incapable of a broad expansion. This had an especially strong influence on the formation of the northeastern populations. Most of the small autochthonous Angarid populations were eliminated, with some apparently preserved in refugia. The expansions of Pacific cattail populations into these regions were, on average, often disrupted during the Pleistocene due to ocean-level fluctuations, separation or joining of land, and cold periods, which were harsher than those in Europe. The emergence of hybrids and anomalies among the taxa in the living range of the section Typha set a trend for convergence processes.

中文翻译：

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香蒲属（香菜科）的香蒲科：结构，分类学组成和进化

摘要

香蒲属香蒲属（香蒲属）的分类学组成被考虑。提出了新生代地质时代的生态重建。香蒲节的代表到达了古近纪（波塔维亚族群）。气候变冷首先出现在上新世，然后是更新世断层的欧亚生活范围缩小和隔绝。然而，香蒲种群在瓦尔代冰川消退之后迅速扩展到欧洲俄罗斯众多的冰川湖。香蒲科的亚洲人口是在西伯利亚东部Arctotertiary植物区系暴露的恶劣条件下形成的。渐新世期间，东北和中亚的地貌发生了变化，随着泰提斯海域的退潮和广阔土地的出现，结果，许多古近系香蒲种群灭绝了。一些保存在北极和北极地区的避难所中。根据太平洋水位的波动以及白令峡峡地带的加入或分离，显然在更新世期间香蒲的迁徙被停止并恢复。欧洲和亚洲人口分离引发的杂交过程减弱了物种形成过程。对水分供应敏感的香蒲种群无法广泛扩展。这对东北人口的形成产生了特别强烈的影响。大部分小规模的本地Angarid种群被淘汰，其中一些显然保留在避难所中。平均而言，太平洋香蒲种群向这些区域的扩张通常在更新世期间由于海平面的波动，土地的分离或接合以及寒冷时期而受到干扰，这比欧洲的严酷。该部分生活范围内的分类单元中杂种和异常的出现 通常在更新世期间，由于海平面的波动，土地的分离或合并以及寒冷时期而受到干扰，这比欧洲的严酷。该部分生活范围内的分类单元中杂种和异常的出现 通常在更新世期间，由于海平面的波动，土地的分离或合并以及寒冷时期而受到干扰，这比欧洲的严酷。该部分生活范围内的分类单元中杂种和异常的出现香蒲为融合过程设定了趋势。