Abstract This work is a further development of its predecessor, the topic of which was verification of serviceability limit states of reinforced concrete hinges. Herein, the same conceptual approach is used to derive analytical formulae, supporting verification of ultimate limit states. These formulae limit tolerable relative rotations as a function of the compressie normal force transmitted across the neck. The mechanical model is based on the Bernoulli-Euler hypothesis and on linear-elastic and ideally-plastic stress-strain relationships for both concrete in compression and steel in tension. The usefulness of the derived formulae and the corresponding dimensionless design diagrams is assessed by means of experimental data from structural testing of reinforced concrete hinges, taken from the literature. This way, it is shown that the proposed mechanical model is suitable for describing ultimate limit states. Corresponding design recommendations are elaborated and exemplarily applied to verification of ultimate limit states of the reinforced concrete hinges of a recently built integral bridge. Since the reinforcement is explicitly accounted for, the tolerable relative rotations are larger than those according to existing guidelines. It is included that bending-induced tensile macrocracking beyond one half of the smallest cross-section of the neck is acceptable, because the tensile forces carried by the reinforcement ensure the required position stability of the hinges.

中文翻译：

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钢筋混凝土铰链的极限极限

摘要 这项工作是其前身的进一步发展，其主题是验证钢筋混凝土铰的使用极限状态。在这里，相同的概念方法用于推导分析公式，支持极限状态的验证。这些公式将可容忍的相对旋转限制为跨颈部传递的压缩法向力的函数。力学模型基于 Bernoulli-Euler 假设以及受压混凝土和受拉钢筋的线弹性和理想塑性应力应变关系。推导出的公式和相应的无量纲设计图的有用性是通过钢筋混凝土铰链结构测试的实验数据来评估的，这些数据取自文献。这条路，结果表明，所提出的力学模型适用于描述极限状态。详细阐述了相应的设计建议，并示例性地应用于最近建造的整体桥梁钢筋混凝土铰链的极限状态验证。由于明确考虑了加固，因此可容忍的相对旋转大于根据现有指南的旋转。包括超过颈部最小横截面一半的弯曲引起的拉伸宏观裂纹是可以接受的，因为钢筋承载的拉伸力确保了铰链所需的位置稳定性。详细阐述了相应的设计建议，并示例性地应用于最近建造的整体桥梁钢筋混凝土铰链的极限状态验证。由于明确考虑了加固，因此可容忍的相对旋转大于根据现有指南的旋转。包括超过颈部最小横截面一半的弯曲引起的拉伸宏观裂纹是可以接受的，因为钢筋承载的拉伸力确保了铰链所需的位置稳定性。详细阐述了相应的设计建议，并示例性地应用于最近建造的整体桥梁钢筋混凝土铰链的极限状态验证。由于明确考虑了加固，因此可容忍的相对旋转大于根据现有指南的旋转。包括超过颈部最小横截面一半的弯曲引起的拉伸宏观裂纹是可以接受的，因为钢筋承载的拉伸力确保了铰链所需的位置稳定性。