BACKGROUND National and international surveys have shown that the quality of pain therapy in hospitals shows deficits, especially in the nonoperative disciplines. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop and clinically validate a module for the outcome and process parameters for pain management in patients in the context of a conservative/nonoperative hospital treatment analogous to the QUIPS questionnaire (quality improvement in postoperative pain therapy), which focuses on postoperative pain management. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a 4-step procedure the QUIPS outcome questionnaire and the process assessment sheet of the QUIPS module were adapted to the conditions of conservative/nonoperative treatment. Patients from internal medicine, neurology and dermatology took part in the systematic testing and the clinical validation. RESULTS A total of 973 patients were enrolled (inclusion rate 74%, n = 403 internal medicine, n = 401 neurology, n = 169 dermatology). The majority completed the questionnaire independently while 33% of the patients needed support, which was given in the form of an interview. Apart from a few deficits, most questions about pain intensity and function were fully recorded. The evaluation of the outcome was difficult as regardless of the pain therapy, a relevant proportion of the patients reported no pain. Due to the lack of conclusive diagnoses at the time of the assessment, organ-related disease groups were developed using word diagnoses instead of the OPS coding used in QUIPS. CONCLUSION In addition to the perioperative modules of QUIPS, QUIKS (quality improvement in conservative pain management), an instrument for quality assurance of pain treatment in patients in nonoperative disciplines, is now available.

中文翻译：

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保守性疼痛管理 (QUIKS) 的质量改进

背景国内外调查显示，医院疼痛治疗质量存在缺陷，尤其是非手术学科。目标 目标是在保守/非手术医院治疗的背景下，开发和临床验证患者疼痛管理的结果和过程参数模块，类似于 QUIPS 问卷（术后疼痛治疗的质量改进），重点关注术后疼痛疼痛管理。材料和方法 在一个 4 步程序中，QUIPS 结果问卷和 QUIPS 模块的过程评估表适用于保守/非手术治疗的条件。来自内科、神经科和皮肤科的患者参与了系统检测和临床验证。结果共纳入973例患者（纳入率74%，n=403内科，n=401神经内科，n=169皮肤科）。大多数患者独立完成问卷，而 33% 的患者需要以访谈形式提供的支持。除了少数缺陷外，大多数关于疼痛强度和功能的问题都被完整记录下来。结果的评估很困难，因为无论疼痛治疗如何，相关比例的患者都报告没有疼痛。由于在评估时缺乏确凿的诊断，器官相关疾病组是使用单词诊断而不是 QUIPS 中使用的 OPS 编码开发的。结论 除了 QUIPS 的围手术期模块、QUIKS（保守疼痛管理的质量改进）、