Abstract A critical-state sand model with density- and the third stress invariant-dependence is combined into a large deformation finite element method to numerically study the cone penetration process in sands. A fully implicit stress integration algorithm is developed to implement the constitutive equations. The large deformation simulations are achieved through the adaptive remeshing technique based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE). A series of CPT calibration chamber tests are simulated to validate the soil model and numerical approach, followed by discussions on the effect of the soil density on the cone penetration resistance as well as the changes of the sand mechanical properties induced by the penetration process. Lastly, the validated numerical technique is applied to study the extent of sand disturbed by the process of pile driving.

中文翻译：

---

状态相关砂模型在模拟锥入度试验中的应用

摘要 将具有密度和第三应力不变量相关性的临界状态砂模型结合到大变形有限元方法中，对砂中的锥入过程进行数值研究。开发了一种完全隐式应力积分算法来实现本构方程。大变形模拟是通过基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉 (ALE) 的自适应重新网格划分技术实现的。模拟一系列 CPT 校准室试验以验证土壤模型和数值方法，然后讨论土壤密度对锥体穿透阻力的影响以及穿透过程引起的沙子力学性质的变化。最后，