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Behavioral reactions of brown bears to approaching humans in Fennoscandia
Écoscience ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-27 , DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2018.1513387
Gro Kvelprud Moen 1 , Andrés Ordiz 1 , Jonas Kindberg 2, 3 , Jon E. Swenson 1, 3 , Janne Sundell 4 , Ole-Gunnar Støen 1, 3
Affiliation  

Human disturbance causes behavioral responses in wildlife, including large carnivores. Previous research in Scandinavia has documented that brown bears (Ursus arctos) show a variety of behavioral reactions to different human activities. We investigated how proximity to human settlements and roads, as proxies of human influence, affected brown bears’ reactions to encountering humans. We analyzed experimental approaches to GPS collared bears, 18 males and 23 single females, in Sweden (n = 148 approaches) and Finland (n = 33), conducted between 2004 and 2012. The bears in Finland inhabited areas with higher human density compared to Sweden. However, the proportion of bears staying or moving when approached and the flight initiation distances were similar in both countries. In Sweden, the flight responses were not dependent on human densities or roads inside the bears’ home ranges or the distances from the bears to roads and settlements. Brown bears in Fennoscandia live in areas with relatively low human population densities, but in many areas with high forestry road densities. Our results show that bears’ flight reactions were consistent between areas, which is an important message for management, reinforcing previous studies that have documented human avoidance by bears at different spatial and temporal scales.



中文翻译:

棕熊对接近人类的行为反应

人为干扰会导致野生动物(包括大型食肉动物)的行为反应。之前在斯堪的纳维亚半岛的研究表明,棕熊(Ursus arctos)显示出对不同人类活动的各种行为反应。我们调查了作为人类影响的代理人,接近人类住区和道路的方式如何影响棕熊对遭遇人类的反应。我们分析了2004年至2012年之间在瑞典(n = 148种进场)和芬兰(n = 33种)中对GPS领熊的实验方法,这些雄性熊分别为18头雄性和23只雌性。瑞典。但是,两个国家接近时熊停留或移动的比例以及两个国家的飞行起始距离相似。在瑞典,飞行响应并不取决于人的密度或熊的家园内的道路,也不取决于熊到道路和定居点的距离。芬诺斯坎迪亚的棕熊生活在人口密度相对较低的地区,但在许多林业公路密度较高的地区。我们的结果表明,熊的飞行反应在各个区域之间是一致的,这对于管理来说是重要的信息,这加强了先前的研究,这些研究已经记录了熊在不同的时空尺度上对人类的回避。

更新日期:2018-09-27
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