Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0607 Melissa Emery Thompson 1, 2 , Zarin P Machanda 3 , Stephanie A Fox 1 , Kris H Sabbi 1 , Emily Otali 2 , Nicole Thompson González 1 , Martin N Muller 1, 2 , Richard W Wrangham 2, 4
While declining physical performance is an expected consequence of ageing, human clinical research has placed increasing emphasis on physical frailty as a predictor of death and disability in the elderly. We examined non-invasive measures approximating frailty in a richly sampled longitudinal dataset on wild chimpanzees. Using urinary creatinine to assess lean body mass, we found moderate but significant declines in physical condition with age in both sexes. While older chimpanzees spent less of their day in the trees and feeding, they did not alter activity budgets with respect to travel or resting. There was little evidence that declining lean body mass had negative consequences independent of age. Old chimpanzees with poor lean body mass rested more often but did not otherwise differ in activity. Males, but not females, in poor condition were more likely to exhibit respiratory illness. Poor muscle mass was associated acutely with death in males, but it did not predict future mortality in either sex. While there may be some reasons to suspect biological differences in the susceptibility to frailty in chimpanzees versus humans, our data are consistent with recent reports from humans that lean, physically active individuals can successfully combat frailty.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.
中文翻译:
评估野生黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)衰老过程中身体虚弱的影响。
虽然身体机能下降是衰老的预期结果,但人类临床研究越来越重视身体虚弱作为老年人死亡和残疾的预测因素。我们在野生黑猩猩的丰富样本纵向数据集中检查了近似虚弱的非侵入性测量方法。使用尿肌酐来评估去脂体重,我们发现,随着年龄的增长,男女身体状况都有中度但显着的下降。虽然年长的黑猩猩每天在树上和进食的时间较少,但它们并没有改变旅行或休息方面的活动预算。几乎没有证据表明去脂体重下降会产生与年龄无关的负面后果。瘦体重较差的年老黑猩猩休息得更频繁,但在活动方面没有其他差异。是男性,但不是女性,身体状况不佳的人更容易出现呼吸道疾病。肌肉质量差与男性死亡密切相关,但它并不能预测任何性别未来的死亡率。虽然可能有一些理由怀疑黑猩猩与人类在脆弱易感性方面存在生物学差异,但我们的数据与人类最近的报告一致,即苗条、身体活跃的个体可以成功对抗脆弱。
本文是主题“灵长类动物衰老过程的进化”的一部分。