All neurologists need to be able to recognise and treat cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It is difficult to diagnose, partly due to its relative rarity, its multiple and various clinical manifestations (different from ‘conventional’ stroke, and often mimicking other acute neurological conditions), and because it is often challenging to obtain and interpret optimal and timely brain imaging. Although CVT can result in death or permanent disability, it generally has a favourable prognosis if diagnosed and treated early. Neurologists involved in stroke care therefore also need to be aware of the treatments for CVT (with varying degrees of supporting evidence): the mainstay is prompt anticoagulation but patients who deteriorate despite treatment can be considered for endovascular procedures (endovascular thrombolysis or thrombectomy) or neurosurgery (decompressive craniotomy). This review summarises current knowledge on the risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CVT in adults, and highlights some areas for future research.

中文翻译：

---

脑静脉血栓形成：实用指南

所有神经科医生都需要能够识别和治疗脑静脉血栓形成 (CVT)。它很难诊断，部分原因是它相对罕见，其临床表现多种多样（不同于“传统”中风，并且经常模仿其他急性神经系统疾病），并且因为获得和解释最佳和及时的大脑通常具有挑战性成像。尽管 CVT 可导致死亡或永久性残疾，但如果及早诊断和治疗，通常预后良好。因此，参与中风护理的神经科医生也需要了解 CVT 的治疗方法（有不同程度的支持证据）：主要方法是及时抗凝，但治疗后病情恶化的患者可以考虑进行血管内手术（血管内溶栓或血栓切除术）或神经外科手术（减压开颅术）。本综述总结了目前成人 CVT 的危险因素、诊断、治疗和预后的知识，并强调了未来研究的一些领域。