The beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 were tested in red sea bream (Pagrus major) feeds. A basal diet (control) and two other diets were prepared by supplementation with B. subtilis C-3102 (PB) or S. cerevisiae type 1 (PY). After 60 days, both probiotic-supplemented groups exhibited significant enhancement in growth performance, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme secretion (protease and amylase) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the intestines exhibited significantly increased values of intestinal fold height (hF), enterocyte height (hE), and microvillus height (hMV) in fish fed PB- or PY-supplemented diets (P<0.05). Serum peroxidase, anti-protease, and bactericidal activities were enhanced significantly in both probiotic-treated groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Serum and mucus lysozyme activities improved significantly in the PB group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Catalase activity was also significantly decreased in both probiotic groups, with relatively lower activity observed in the PY group (P<0.05). Both probiotic groups showed increased tolerance considerably to freshwater exposure (P<0.05). In conclusion, B. subtilis C-3102 and S. cerevisiae type 1 can be used as functional probiotics to enhance the growth performance, digestion capacity, gut morphology, immune response, and stress resistance of the red sea bream with relatively higher efficiency by B. subtilis C-3102.

中文翻译：

---

枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102或酿酒酵母1型对红鲷鱼的生长，肠道形态，免疫力和抗逆性的影响

在红鲷鱼（Pagrus major）饲料中测试了枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102和1型酿酒酵母的有益作用。通过补充枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102（PB）或1型酿酒酵母（PY），可以准备基础饮食（对照）和其他两种饮食。60天后，与对照组相比，补充益生菌的两个组均表现出生长性能，蛋白质效率比（PER）和消化酶分泌（蛋白酶和淀粉酶）的显着增强（P<0.05）。补充了PB或PY的鱼的肠的前，中和后部的肠折叠高度（hF），肠细胞高度（hE）和微绒毛高度（hMV）显着增加（P <0.05） 。与对照组相比，两个益生菌治疗组的血清过氧化物酶，抗蛋白酶和杀菌活性均显着增强（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，PB组的血清和粘液溶菌酶活性显着提高（P < 0.05）。在两个益生菌组中，过氧化氢酶的活性也显着降低，而在PY组中观察到的活性相对较低（P <0.05）。两组益生菌均显示出对淡水的耐受性显着提高（P < 0.05）。总之，枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102和酿酒酵母1型可以用作功能性益生菌，通过B相对较高的效率来提高红鲷的生长性能，消化能力，肠道形态，免疫应答和抗逆性枯草杆菌C-3102。