Abstract

There are few reports revealing association between iron intake and environmental lead exposure during pregnancy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of iron supplementation on biochemical modulation of certain lead toxicity markers associated with pregnancy. Iron and folic acid supplementations were given to 250 pregnant anemic women (mild = 100, moderate = 100 and severe = 50) and 100 age matched nonanemic pregnant women as controls for 100 days. Lead (Pb) toxicity markers, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant were estimated as per standard protocols. The levels of Pb, serum transferrin receptors (sTfR), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA, both in blood and urine) were found significantly increased in all pretreated subjects and these were decreased after oral iron supplementation. Iron-deficient pregnant women reflected a significant increase in lipid peroxide levels (LPO) and protein carbonyl levels (PC) which were found to be further increased after iron supplementation. The levels of iron (Fe), haemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione levels (GSH) were significantly decreased in pretreated groups and these parameters were found significantly increased in all supplemented subjects after treatment. Antioxidant vitamins viz. C and E were found significantly decreased in all post treated groups. Our observation suggests that recommended iron dose is not only effective for blood indices parameters, but it also decreases Pb concentrations in the blood during pregnancy. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.

摘要

很少有报告揭示怀孕期间铁摄入量与环境铅暴露之间的关联。因此，本研究旨在调查补铁对某些与妊娠相关的铅毒性标志物的生化调节的影响。向 250 名贫血孕妇（轻度 = 100，中度 = 100 和重度 = 50）和 100 名年龄匹配的非贫血孕妇补充铁和叶酸作为对照，持续 100 天。根据标准方案估计铅 (Pb) 毒性标记物、酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂。发现所有预处理受试者的铅、血清转铁蛋白受体 (sTfR)、锌原卟啉 (ZPP)、δ-氨基乙酰丙酸 (δ-ALA，血液和尿液中) 的水平显着增加，并且在口服铁补充剂后降低。缺铁孕妇反映脂质过氧化物水平 (LPO) 和蛋白质羰基水平 (PC) 显着增加，发现补充铁后会进一步增加。铁 (Fe)、血红蛋白 (Hb)、铁蛋白、δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (δ-ALAD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽水平 (GSH) 在预处理组和发现这些参数在治疗后所有补充受试者中均显着增加。抗氧化维生素 超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽水平 (GSH) 在预处理组中显着降低，并且在所有补充受试者中发现这些参数在治疗后显着增加。抗氧化维生素 超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽水平 (GSH) 在预处理组中显着降低，并且在所有补充受试者中发现这些参数在治疗后显着增加。抗氧化维生素即。在所有后处理组中发现 C 和 E 显着降低。我们的观察表明，推荐的铁剂量不仅对血液指标参数有效，而且还能降低怀孕期间血液中的铅浓度。然而，需要更大样本量的进一步研究来证实这些发现。