Despite the benefits of standardization, the customization of Software as a Service (SaaS) application is also essential because of the many unique requirements of customers. This study, therefore, focuses on the development of a valid and reliable software customization model for SaaS quality that consists of (1) generic software customization types and a list of common practices for each customization type in the SaaS multi-tenant context, and (2) key quality attributes of SaaS applications associated with customization. The study was divided into three phases: the conceptualization of the model, analysis of its validity using SaaS academic-derived expertise, and evaluation of its reliability by submitting it to an internal consistency reliability test conducted by software-engineer researchers. The model was initially devised based on six customization approaches, 46 customization practices, and 13 quality attributes in the SaaS multi-tenant context. Subsequently, its content was validated over two rounds of testing after which one approach and 14 practices were removed and 20 practices were reformulated. The internal consistency reliability study was thereafter conducted by 34 software engineer researchers. All constructs of the content-validated model were found to be reliable in this study. The final version of the model consists of 6 constructs and 44 items. These six constructs and their associated items are as follows: (1) Configuration (eight items), (2) Composition (four items), (3) Extension (six items), 4) Integration (eight items), (5) Modification (five items), and (6) SaaS quality (13 items). The results of the study may contribute to enhancing the capability of empirically analyzing the impact of software customization on SaaS quality by benefiting from all resultant constructs and items.

中文翻译：

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通过迭代方法为SaaS质量开发有效且可靠的软件定制模型：学术界的观点

尽管有标准化的好处，但是由于客户的许多独特需求，定制软件即服务（SaaS）应用程序也是必不可少的。因此，本研究着重于为SaaS质量开发有效且可靠的软件定制模型，该模型包括（1）通用软件定制类型和SaaS多租户上下文中每种定制类型的常用做法列表，以及（ 2）与定制关联的SaaS应用程序的关键质量属性。这项研究分为三个阶段：模型的概念化，使用SaaS学术派生的专业知识对其有效性进行分析以及通过将其提交给软件工程师研究人员进行的内部一致性可靠性测试来评估其可靠性。该模型最初是基于SaaS多租户上下文中的六种定制方法，46种定制实践和13种质量属性设计的。随后，在两轮测试中验证了其内容，此后删除了一种方法和14种实践，并重新制定了20种实践。此后，由34位软件工程师研究人员进行了内部一致性可靠性研究。内容验证模型的所有构建均在本研究中被认为是可靠的。该模型的最终版本包含6个构造和44个项目。这六个构造及其关联的项目如下：（1）配置（八个项目），（2）组成（四个项目），（3）扩展（六个项目），4）集成（八个项目），（5）修改（五项）和（6）SaaS质量（十三项）。