How the brain controls the need and acquisition of recovery sleep after prolonged wakefulness is an important issue in sleep research. The monoamines serotonin and dopamine are key regulators of sleep in mammals and in Drosophila. We found that the enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (AANAT1) is expressed by Drosophila astrocytes and specific subsets of neurons in the adult brain. AANAT1 acetylates monoamines and inactivates them, and we found that AANAT1 limited the accumulation of serotonin and dopamine in the brain upon sleep deprivation (SD). Loss of AANAT1 from astrocytes, but not from neurons, caused flies to increase their daytime recovery sleep following overnight SD. Together, these findings demonstrate a crucial role for AANAT1 and astrocytes in the regulation of monoamine bioavailability and homeostatic sleep.

中文翻译：

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AANAT1 在星形胶质细胞中起作用以调节睡眠稳态

大脑如何控制长时间清醒后恢复睡眠的需要和获得是睡眠研究中的一个重要问题。单胺类血清素和多巴胺是哺乳动物和果蝇睡眠的关键调节剂。我们发现芳基烷基胺 N-乙酰转移酶 1 (AANAT1) 由果蝇星形胶质细胞和成人大脑中特定的神经元亚群表达。AANAT1 乙酰化单胺并使它们失活，我们发现 AANAT1 限制了睡眠剥夺 (SD) 大脑中血清素和多巴胺的积累。星形胶质细胞中 AANAT1 的缺失，但不是神经元中的缺失，导致果蝇在过夜 SD 后增加了白天的恢复睡眠。总之，这些发现证明了 AANAT1 和星形胶质细胞在调节单胺生物利用度和稳态睡眠中的关键作用。