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Ground‐dwelling mammal diversity responds positively to productivity and habitat heterogeneity in a fire‐prone region
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3248
Matthew Swan 1 , Fiona Christie 1 , Erin Steel 1 , Holly Sitters 1 , Alan York 1 , Julian Di Stefano 1
Affiliation  

Environmental heterogeneity has a consistent, positive effect on species diversity globally, principally due to increased niche space in heterogeneous environments. In flammable ecosystems, fire‐mediated heterogeneity (pyrodiversity) is expected to increase species diversity, and the application of diverse fire regimes is a common management goal. We used landscape‐scale sampling units and linear mixed models to determine the response of ground‐dwelling mammal alpha, beta, and gamma diversity to spatial habitat heterogeneity (functional heterogeneity) and three indirect measures of spatial heterogeneity, two pyrodiversity indices based on fire history maps, and another based on mapped vegetation types. In addition, we tested the consistency of species diversity responses across a productivity gradient and examined the extent to which prescribed fire influenced habitat heterogeneity. Beta diversity responded positively to habitat heterogeneity across the productivity gradient, but more strongly at high compared with low productivity. In contrast, alpha and gamma diversity responded positively to productivity, while a weak negative effect of habitat heterogeneity on alpha diversity was also evident. At the scale of our investigation, the productivity gradient across the study area was the most influential driver of species diversity. Spatial heterogeneity within 100‐ha landscapes increased community differentiation among sites (beta diversity), had a weak negative effect on alpha diversity, but had no influence on landscape‐scale species richness (gamma diversity). The occurrence of recent fire had a strong, positive effect on habitat heterogeneity, while the diversity of vegetation types and postfire age classes had a smaller positive influence. Our findings show that prescribed fire can be used to increase landscape‐scale structural heterogeneity, but this will not always result in additional species. Finally, we suggest that using a functional representation of spatial heterogeneity (e.g., the spatial arrangement of habitat structure) as a predictor of species diversity is likely to reveal responses that may otherwise be overlooked. Modern remote‐sensing technologies will aid the development of habitat‐based heterogeneity metrics across large spatial extents.

中文翻译:

着火地区的地上哺乳动物多样性对生产力和栖息地异质性具有积极响应

环境异质性对全球物种多样性具有一致的积极影响,这主要是由于异质环境中利基空间的增加。在易燃的生态系统中,以火为媒介的异质性(热多样性)有望增加物种的多样性,采用多种火种制度是一个共同的管理目标。我们使用景观尺度采样单位和线性混合模型来确定居住在地面的哺乳动物的alpha,beta和gamma多样性对空间栖息地异质性(功能异质性)的响应以及空间异质性的三种间接测度,基于火灾历史的两个热度指数地图,以及另一个基于映射的植被类型的地图。此外,我们测试了整个生产力梯度上物种多样性响应的一致性,并研究了规定的火灾影响栖息地异质性的程度。在生产力梯度上,Beta多样性对栖息地异质性具有积极的响应,但在高生产力方面,低生产力则表现出较强的反应力。相反,阿尔法和伽马多样性对生产力有积极的响应,而生境异质性对阿尔法多样性的负面影响也很弱。在我们的调查范围内,整个研究区域的生产力梯度是物种多样性最有影响力的驱动力。100公顷景观内的空间异质性增加了地点之间的社区差异(β多样性),对α多样性的负面影响较弱,但对景观物种丰富度(伽马多样性)没有影响。近期火灾的发生对生境异质性具有强烈的积极影响,而植被类型和火灾后年龄类别的多样性则具有较小的积极影响。我们的发现表明,规定的火灾可用于增加景观尺度的结构异质性,但这并不总是会导致其他物种。最后,我们建议使用空间异质性(例如,栖息地结构的空间排列)的功能表示作为物种多样性的预测因子可能会揭示可能被忽略的响应。现代遥感技术将在很大的空间范围内帮助发展基于栖息地的异质性指标。对生境异质性具有积极影响,而植被类型和火灾后年龄类别的多样性则具有较小的积极影响。我们的发现表明,规定的火灾可用于增加景观尺度的结构异质性,但这并不总是会导致其他物种。最后,我们建议使用空间异质性(例如,栖息地结构的空间排列)的功能表示作为物种多样性的预测因子可能会揭示可能被忽略的响应。现代遥感技术将在很大的空间范围内帮助发展基于栖息地的异质性指标。对生境异质性具有积极影响,而植被类型和火灾后年龄类别的多样性则具有较小的积极影响。我们的发现表明,规定的火灾可用于增加景观尺度的结构异质性,但这并不总是会导致其他物种。最后,我们建议使用空间异质性(例如,栖息地结构的空间排列)的功能表示作为物种多样性的预测因子可能会揭示可能被忽略的响应。现代遥感技术将在很大的空间范围内帮助发展基于栖息地的异质性指标。我们的发现表明,规定的火灾可用于增加景观尺度的结构异质性,但这并不总是会导致其他物种。最后,我们建议使用空间异质性(例如,栖息地结构的空间排列)的功能表示作为物种多样性的预测因子可能会揭示可能被忽略的响应。现代遥感技术将有助于在大空间范围内发展基于栖息地的异质性指标。我们的发现表明,规定的火灾可用于增加景观尺度的结构异质性,但这并不总是会导致其他物种。最后,我们建议使用空间异质性(例如,栖息地结构的空间排列)的功能表示作为物种多样性的预测因子可能会揭示可能被忽略的响应。现代遥感技术将在很大的空间范围内帮助发展基于栖息地的异质性指标。
更新日期:2020-09-21
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