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Location and Setting of the Mars InSight Lander, Instruments, and Landing Site
Earth and Space Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001248
M. Golombek 1 , N. Williams 1 , N. H. Warner 2 , T. Parker 1 , M. G. Williams 1 , I. Daubar 1, 3 , F. Calef 1 , J. Grant 4 , P. Bailey 1 , H. Abarca 1 , R. Deen 1 , N. Ruoff 1 , J. Maki 1 , A. McEwen 5 , N. Baugh 5 , K. Block 5 , L. Tamppari 1 , J. Call 1 , J. Ladewig 6 , A. Stoltz 6 , W. A. Weems 6 , L. Mora‐Sotomayor 7 , J. Torres 7 , M. Johnson 6 , T. Kennedy 6 , E. Sklyanskiy 1
Affiliation  

Knowing precisely where a spacecraft lands on Mars is important for understanding the regional and local context, setting, and the offset between the inertial and cartographic frames. For the InSight spacecraft, the payload of geophysical and environmental sensors also particularly benefits from knowing exactly where the instruments are located. A ~30 cm/pixel image acquired from orbit after landing clearly resolves the lander and the large circular solar panels. This image was carefully georeferenced to a hierarchically generated and coregistered set of decreasing resolution orthoimages and digital elevation models to the established positive east, planetocentric coordinate system. The lander is located at 4.502384°N, 135.623447°E at an elevation of −2,613.426 m with respect to the geoid in Elysium Planitia. Instrument locations (and the magnetometer orientation) are derived by transforming from Instrument Deployment Arm, spacecraft mechanical, and site frames into the cartographic frame. A viewshed created from 1.5 m above the lander and the high‐resolution orbital digital elevation model shows the lander is on a shallow regional slope down to the east that reveals crater rims on the east horizon ~400 m and 2.4 km away. A slope up to the north limits the horizon to about 50 m away where three rocks and an eolian bedform are visible on the rim of a degraded crater rim. Azimuths to rocks and craters identified in both surface panoramas and high‐resolution orbital images reveal that north in the site frame and the cartographic frame are the same (within 1°).

中文翻译:

火星InSight着陆器,仪器和着陆点的位置和设置

准确了解航天器在火星上的降落位置对于理解区域和局部背景,设置以及惯性图和制图框之间的偏移量非常重要。对于InSight航天器,地球物理和环境传感器的有效载荷还特别受益于准确知道仪器的位置。着陆后从轨道获取的约30厘米/像素图像可以清晰地分辨着陆器和大型圆形太阳能电池板。该图像经过仔细地地理参考,形成了递减分辨率的正射影像和数字高程模型的分层生成和共同配准的集合,并建立了正东,平面到中心的坐标系。着陆器位于Elysium Planitia中,相对于大地水准面位于4.502384°N,135.623447°E,高程为-2,613.426 m。仪器位置(和磁力计方向)是通过将“仪器展开臂”,“航天器机械”和“场地框架”转换为制图框架得出的。在着陆器上方1.5 m处创建的视域和高分辨率轨道数字高程模型显示,着陆器位于向下至东部的浅层区域斜坡上,这揭示了东地平线〜400 m和2.4 km处的火山口边缘。往北的斜坡将地平线限制在约50 m处,在该处,陨石坑边缘的边缘可看到三块岩石和风成岩床。在地面全景图和高分辨率轨道图像中都可以看到岩石和陨石坑的方位角,表明站点框架和制图框架的北面相同(在1°以内)。将航天器的机械和场地框架放入制图框架。在着陆器上方1.5 m处创建的视域和高分辨率轨道数字高程模型显示,着陆器位于向下至东部的浅层区域斜坡上,这揭示了东地平线〜400 m和2.4 km处的火山口边缘。往北的斜坡将地平线限制在大约50 m处,在那里,在一个退化的火山口边缘,可以看到三块岩石和风成岩床。在地面全景图和高分辨率轨道图像中都可以看到岩石和陨石坑的方位角,表明站点框架和制图框架的北面是相同的(在1°以内)。将航天器的机械和场地框架放入制图框架。在着陆器上方1.5 m处创建的视域和高分辨率轨道数字高程模型显示,着陆器位于向下至东部的浅层区域斜坡上,这揭示了东地平线〜400 m和2.4 km处的火山口边缘。往北的斜坡将地平线限制在约50 m处,在该处,陨石坑边缘的边缘可看到三块岩石和风成岩床。在地面全景图和高分辨率轨道图像中都可以看到岩石和陨石坑的方位角,表明站点框架和制图框架的北面相同(在1°以内)。在着陆器上方5 m处,高分辨率轨道数字高程模型显示该着陆器位于向东下方的浅层区域斜坡上,该斜坡揭示了东地平线〜400 m和2.4 km处的火山口边缘。往北的斜坡将地平线限制在约50 m处,在该处,陨石坑边缘的边缘可看到三块岩石和风成岩床。在地面全景图和高分辨率轨道图像中都可以看到岩石和陨石坑的方位角,表明站点框架和制图框架的北面相同(在1°以内)。在着陆器上方5 m处,高分辨率轨道数字高程模型显示该着陆器位于向东下方的浅层区域斜坡上,该斜坡揭示了东地平线〜400 m和2.4 km处的火山口边缘。往北的斜坡将地平线限制在约50 m处,在该处,陨石坑边缘的边缘可看到三块岩石和风成岩床。在地面全景图和高分辨率轨道图像中都可以看到岩石和陨石坑的方位角,表明站点框架和制图框架的北面是相同的(在1°以内)。
更新日期:2020-10-11
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