In the current study, a functional polysaccharide fraction (HFP) was obtained from Hizikia fusiforme by ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction, and its structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity and potential molecular mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that HFP with high uronic acid was a heterogeneous polysaccharide composed of six monosaccharides. Congo red test explained that HFP had no triple helix conformation. AFM analysis revealed that HFP was spherical particle with flame‐like aggregates and multiple strands closely arranged. Rheological analysis showed that HFP exhibited shear‐thinning flow behavior. HFP significantly ameliorated diabetes‐related symptoms and serum profiles and increased muscle glycogen storage in rats. HFP administration at 400 mg/kg body weight/day displayed greater advantages than metformin in controlling the levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA) of diabetic rats. Intervention of HFP up‐regulated markedly the expression of AMPK‐α, GLUT4, PI3K and Akt in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats at the mRNA and protein levels, revealing hypoglycemic effects of HFP may be related closely to improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle.

中文翻译：

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蚕豆多糖的理化特性及其通过介导 2 型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素刺激血糖利用的降血糖活性

在目前的研究中，通过超声辅助酶促提取从蚕豆中获得了一种功能性多糖组分（HFP），并对其结构表征、降血糖活性和潜在的分子机制进行了研究。结果表明，高糖醛酸HFP是一种由6种单糖组成的异质多糖。刚果红试验解释了 HFP 没有三螺旋构象。AFM 分析表明，HFP 是球形颗粒，具有火焰状聚集体，多股紧密排列。流变学分析表明，HFP 表现出剪切稀化流动行为。HFP 显着改善了糖尿病相关症状和血清特征，并增加了大鼠的肌糖原储存。在控制糖尿病患者的空腹血糖、甘油三酯 (TG)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 和总胆汁酸 (TBA) 水平方面，400 毫克/千克体重/天的 HFP 给药显示出比二甲双胍更大的优势老鼠。HFP干预显着上调糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK-α、GLUT4、PI3K和Akt在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达，揭示HFP的降糖作用可能与改善胰岛素抵抗和改善骨骼肌线粒体功能密切相关。肌肉。