The rapid advances in manufacturing technologies have provided great opportunities for scalable fabrication of novel sensing structures and devices. Here, the application of near‐field electrospinning to the fabrication of flexible strain sensors is explored. Through theoretical modeling, it is first verified that a strong anisotropic response of a strain sensor can be obtained through introducing a grid‐shaped design to its sensing layer. Following this guideline, near‐field electrospinning is applied to fabricate polyurethane grids with well‐controlled period and thickness and the grid is further decorated with conductive silver nanowires. Through tuning the structure of the polyurethane grid and the density of the silver nanowires, a high gauge factor (GF = 338.47) under high strain (200%) is achieved, representing the best sensing and stretching property combination reported for flexible strain sensors. In good agreement with the theoretical model, the strain sensors are only sensitive to the strain along the electrode direction and are insensitive to perpendicular direction strains. Based on this characteristic response, the excellent capability of the strain sensors in distinguishing hand movement and monitoring physiological signals is demonstrated, suggesting the great application potential of the sensors in robotic vision and prosthesis.

中文翻译：

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启用近场静电纺丝的高灵敏度和各向异性应变传感器

制造技术的飞速发展为新型传感结构和设备的可扩展制造提供了巨大的机会。在此，探讨了近场静电纺丝在柔性应变传感器制造中的应用。通过理论建模，首先验证了通过将网格形设计引入其传感层可以获得应变传感器的强各向异性响应。遵循该指导原则，应用近场静电纺丝技术制造周期和厚度可控的聚氨酯网格，并进一步用导电银纳米线装饰网格。通过调整聚氨酯网格的结构和银纳米线的密度，可以在高应变（200％）下获得高应变系数（GF = 338.47），代表了柔性应变传感器的最佳传感和拉伸性能组合。与理论模型非常吻合，应变传感器仅对沿电极方向的应变敏感，而对垂直方向的应变不敏感。基于这种特征响应，应变传感器在区分手部运动和监测生理信号方面具有出色的能力，这表明传感器在机器人视觉和假肢中具有巨大的应用潜力。