A paper-based analytical device (PADs) combined with a powerful chemiluminescence (CL) system was established for the determination of deltamethrin (DM), based on the enhancing effect of polyphosphate (PP) on graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-KMnO₄ CL reaction. A possible mechanism for the obtained emission was proposed using the CL spectra, fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible patterns. The reaction of KMnO₄ and GQDs can lead to generation of GQDs in excited state (GQDs*), which can emit at 490 nm. Interestingly, PP changes the CL mechanism and the main emitter becomes Mn²⁺ instead of GQDs leading to a strong emission at 695 nm. Furthermore, the obtained multi-emission CL system was examined for analytical applications. The initial experiments showed that the amplified CL emission of the GQDs-KMnO4 system was selectively quenched in the presence of trace levels of DM, probably due to its effective interaction with GQDs or reaction with KMnO₄. This observation led to a facile, reliable and sensitive PADs-CL probe, developed for the determination of DM residue in food samples. Using this CL system and under the optimized experimental conditions, the generated signal is decreased by increasing DM concentration in the range of 0.3−10 μg mL^-1 with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 μg mL^-1.

基于多磷酸盐（PP）对石墨烯量子点（GQDs）-KMnO ₄ CL的增强作用，建立了一种纸质分析装置（PAD）结合强大的化学发光（CL）系统用于测定溴氰菊酯（DM）的方法反应。使用CL光谱，荧光和紫外可见光模式，提出了一种可能的发射机理。KMnO ₄与GQDs的反应可以导致生成激发态的GQD（GQDs *），该GQDs可以在490 nm处发射。有趣的是，PP改变了CL机理，主发射极变成了Mn ²⁺而不是GQD导致695 nm处的强发射。此外，检查了获得的多排放CL系统的分析应用。最初的实验表明，在痕量DM的存在下，GQDs-KMnO4系统的放大的CL发射被选择性淬灭，可能是由于其与GQD的有效相互作用或与KMnO _4的反应。这一观察结果导致了一种简便，可靠和灵敏的PADs-CL探针，该探针用于测定食品样品中的DM残留。使用此CL系统和优化的实验条件下，所产生的信号是通过在0.3〜10微克mL范围内增加DM浓度降低^-1用0.15微克毫升检测限（LOD）的极限^-1。