Despite the increasing interest for pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, their accumulation in wild organisms and consequent environmental hazards are still poorly known. The Mediterranean Sea is highly challenged by the density of coastal populations, large consumption of pharmaceuticals and their often limited removal by Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). In this respect, the present study aims to provide the first large-scale survey on the distribution of such contaminants of emerging concern in native mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis from Italian coasts. Organisms were collected from 14 sites representative of relatively unpolluted marine waters along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea and analysed for 9 common pharmaceuticals including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs: Diclofenac DIC, Ibuprofen IBU, Ketoprofen KET and Nimesulide NIM), the analgesic Acetaminophen AMP, the antiepileptic Carbamazepine CBZ, the antihypertensive Valsartan VAL, the anxiolytic Lormetazepam LOR and the antidepressant Paroxetine PAR. Results indicated the widespread occurrence of the majority of pharmaceuticals in mussel tissues: CBZ was measured in >90% of analysed samples, followed by VAL (>50%), PAR (>40%), and DIC (>30%), while only AMP and KET were never detected. Heterogeneous tissue concentrations ranged from a few units up to hundreds of ng/g (d.w.), while seasonal and interannual variability, investigated over 4 years, did not highlight any clear temporal trend. Limited differences obtained between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea, as well as coastal versus off-shore sampling sites, suggest that analysed levels of pharmaceuticals in mussels tissues should be considered as baseline concentrations for organisms collected in unpolluted areas of the Mediterranean. This study provided the first unambiguous evidence of the widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals in marine mussels from Italian coasts, giving novel insights on the potential ecotoxicological hazard from such compounds in marine species.

尽管人们对海洋环境中的药物越来越感兴趣，但它们在野生生物中的积累和随之而来的环境危害仍然知之甚少。地中海地区面临着严峻的挑战，沿海人口密度大，药品消耗量大，而且废水处理厂（WWTP）往往无法对其进行有限的清除。在这方面，本研究旨在就本地贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis中这种新出现的污染物的分布情况提供首次大规模调查。来自意大利海岸。从代表亚得里亚海和第勒尼安海沿岸相对未受污染的海水的14个地点收集生物，并分析了9种常见药物，包括非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID：双氯芬酸DIC，布洛芬IBU，酮洛芬KET和尼美舒利NIM），镇痛药对乙酰氨基酚AMP，抗癫痫的卡马西平CBZ，降压的缬沙坦VAL，抗焦虑的洛美他汀LOR和抗抑郁药帕罗西汀PAR。结果表明，大多数药物广泛存在于贻贝组织中：在> 90％的分析样品中测量到CBZ，其次是VAL（> 50％），PAR（> 40％）和DIC（> 30％），而仅从未检测到AMP和KET。异质组织浓度范围从几个单位到数百ng / g（dw），而经过4年调查的季节性和年际变化并没有突出任何明显的时间趋势。亚得里亚海和第勒尼安海以及沿海和近海采样点之间获得的有限差异表明，应将贻贝组织中已分析药物的水平视为在地中海未污染地区收集的生物体的基线浓度。这项研究提供了第一个明确的证据，证明药物在意大利海岸的海洋贻贝中广泛存在，从而为这种化合物在海洋物种中的潜在生态毒理危害提供了新的见解。以及沿海和近海采样点，建议应将贻贝组织中已分析的药物水平视为在地中海未污染地区收集的生物的基准浓度。这项研究提供了第一个明确的证据，证明药物在意大利沿海的海洋贻贝中广泛存在，从而对此类化合物在海洋物种中的潜在生态毒理危害提供了新的见解。以及沿海和近海采样点，建议应将贻贝组织中已分析的药物水平视为在地中海未污染地区收集的生物的基准浓度。这项研究提供了第一个明确的证据，证明药物在意大利沿海的海洋贻贝中广泛存在，从而对此类化合物在海洋物种中的潜在生态毒理危害提供了新的见解。