Abstract We used more than two decades (1997–2019) of satellite-estimated phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) during September–December time intervals to discern the spatial and temporal changes of phytoplankton biomass in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) associated with different climatic events. In the IMC coastal areas (except for the northern Malacca Strait) climate changes influenced Chl-a by varying rainfall/river discharge. Chl-a declined most notably during concurrent positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino events, whereas they increased most notably during concurrent negative IOD and La Nina events. In the open ocean areas of the IMC, climate changes influenced Chl-a by varying the occurrence of upwelling and downwelling. The dominant climate mode determining Chl-a shifted from the IOD in the eastern Indian Ocean to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the western Pacific Ocean. In the eastern Indian Ocean, the impact of the IOD on Chl-a was more than one order of magnitude greater than the impact of ENSO. The results implied that low-trophic-level marine organisms such as phytoplankton, high-trophic-level marine organisms such as fish, and biogeochemical cycles in the eastern Indian Ocean of the IMC may all be more affected by the IOD than by the ENSO.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对印度尼西亚海洋大陆浮游植物生物量的影响

摘要 我们在 9 月至 12 月的时间间隔内使用了超过二十年（1997-2019 年）的卫星估计浮游植物叶绿素 a 浓度 (Chl-a) 来辨别印度尼西亚海洋大陆 (IMC) 浮游植物生物量的时空变化与不同的气候事件有关。在 IMC 沿海地区（马六甲海峡北部除外），气候变化通过不同的降雨/河流流量影响 Chl-a。Chl-a 在同时发生的正印度洋偶极子 (IOD) 和厄尔尼诺事件期间下降最为显着，而在同时发生的负 IOD 和拉尼娜事件期间增加最为显着。在 IMC 的开阔海域，气候变化通过改变上流和下流的发生来影响 Chl-a。决定 Chl-a 的主要气候模式从东印度洋的 IOD 转移到西太平洋的厄尔尼诺/南方涛动 (ENSO)。在东印度洋，IOD 对 Chl-a 的影响比 ENSO 的影响大一个数量级以上。结果表明，IMC东印度洋浮游植物等低营养级海洋生物、鱼类等高营养级海洋生物和生物地球化学循环受IOD的影响可能大于ENSO。