In many industrial settings, the common and varying features of related software-intensive systems, as their reusable units, are likely to be implemented by a combined set of traditional techniques. Features do not align perfectly well with the used language constructs, e.g., classes, thus hindering the management of implemented variability. Herein, we provide a detailed framework to capture, model, and trace this imperfectly modular variability in terms of variation points with variants. We describe an implementation of this framework, as a domain-specific language, and report on its application on four subject systems and usage for variability management, showing its feasibility.

在许多工业环境中，相关的软件密集型系统的共同和变化特征（作为其可重用单元）可能会通过一组传统技术来实现。功能无法与所使用的语言结构（例如，类）完美匹配，从而阻碍了对实现的可变性的管理。在这里，我们提供了一个详细的框架来捕获，建模和跟踪具有变体的变体点这一不完美的模块化变异性。我们用一种特定于域的语言描述了该框架的实现，并报告了其在四个主题系统上的应用以及可变性管理的用法，显示了其可行性。