Abstract Laser-induced reverse transfer (LIRT) is a direct-write technique for patterning materials onto transparent substrates. A laser pulse transmits through the transparent material and a small air gap to ablate a donor target surface, the vaporised target species then transfers to the transparent material. There is not yet a detailed understanding of the material ejection and deposition processes, and reports show high-resistivity films and only limited demonstration of conductive linear tracks. Here we use a recently developed capability of holographic phase contrast imaging at nanosecond temporal resolution to report the morphology of the confined ablation plume. This reveals previously unobserved phenomena such as the influence of the rebounding pressure wave and an >80% longer plasma lifetime of a confined plume, showing the importance of plume shielding and incubation effects for applications. Focusing on silver, graphite and copper, static and scanned beam experiments show the dominant role of sputtering of fragmented particles rather than vapour condensation. The results highlight the challenges in using LIRT for conformal coating without surface damage but will excite further study of this rarely explored technique, with potential for facile, reliable fabrication of conductive patterns and digitally controlled customisation of glass products for applications such as embedded sensors and electronics.

中文翻译：

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通过激光诱导反向转移直接写入低电阻率轨道的材料喷射动力学

摘要 激光诱导反向转移 (LIRT) 是一种将材料图案化到透明基板上的直接写入技术。激光脉冲穿过透明材料和小气隙以烧蚀施主目标表面，然后蒸发的目标物质转移到透明材料。目前还没有对材料喷射和沉积过程的详细了解，报告显示了高电阻率薄膜，并且仅对导电线性轨道进行了有限的演示。在这里，我们使用最近开发的纳秒时间分辨率的全息相衬成像功能来报告受限烧蚀羽流的形态。这揭示了以前未观察到的现象，例如回弹压力波的影响和受限羽流的超过 80% 的等离子体寿命，显示羽流屏蔽和孵化效应对应用的重要性。专注于银、石墨和铜，静态和扫描束实验显示了碎片粒子的溅射而不是蒸汽冷凝的主要作用。结果突出了使用 LIRT 进行无表面损伤的保形涂层的挑战，但将激发对这种很少探索的技术的进一步研究，具有轻松、可靠地制造导电图案的潜力以及用于嵌入式传感器和电子产品等应用的玻璃产品的数字控制定制.