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An update and perspectives on the use of promoters in plant genetic engineering
Journal of Biosciences ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00087-6
Divya Kummari , Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu , P B Kavi Kishor , Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur , Prasanth Singam , Vincent Vadez , Kiran K Sharma

Genetically engineered plants have varied applications in agriculture for enhancing the values of food and feed. Genetic engineering aims to introduce selected genetic regions with desirable traits into target plants for both spatial and temporal expressions. Promoters are the key elements responsible for regulating gene expressions by modulating the transcription factors (TFs) through recognition of RNA polymerases. Based on their recognition and expression, RNA polymerases were categorized into RNA pol II and pol III promoters. Promoter activity and specificity are the two prime parameters in regulating the transgene expression. Since the use of constitutive promoters like Cauliflower mosaic virus ( CaMV ) 35S may lead to adverse effects on non-target organisms or ecosystem, inducible/tissue specific promoters and/or the RNA pol III promoters provide myriad opportunities for gene expressions with controlled regulation and with minimum adverse effects. Besides their role in transgene expression, their influence in synthetic biology and genome editing are also discussed. This review provides an update on the importance, current prospects, and insight into the advantages and disadvantages of promoters reported thus far would help to utilize them in the endeavour to develop nutritionally and agronomically improved transgenic crops for commercialization.

中文翻译:

启动子在植物基因工程中应用的更新与展望

基因工程植物在农业中有多种应用,可提高食品和饲料的价值。基因工程旨在将具有理想性状的选定遗传区域引入目标植物以进行空间和时间表达。启动子是负责通过识别 RNA 聚合酶调节转录因子 (TF) 来调节基因表达的关键元件。基于它们的识别和表达,RNA聚合酶分为RNA pol II和pol III启动子。启动子活性和特异性是调节转基因表达的两个主要参数。由于使用花椰菜花叶病毒 (CaMV) 35S 等组成型启动子可能会对非目标生物或生态系统产生不利影响,诱导型/组织特异性启动子和/或 RNA pol III 启动子为基因表达提供了无数机会,具有受控调节和最小的不利影响。除了它们在转基因表达中的作用外,还讨论了它们在合成生物学和基因组编辑中的影响。这篇综述提供了对迄今为止报道的促进剂的重要性、当前前景和对促进剂优缺点的深入了解,这将有助于利用它们来努力开发营养和农艺改良的转基因作物以进行商业化。
更新日期:2020-09-21
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