Abstract

Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy.

Key points

• Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities.

• Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions.

• Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance.

中文翻译：

---

用于生产有价值化合物的红球菌生物技术。

摘要

红球菌属细菌因其代谢多功能性、降解多种有机化合物的能力以及对各种应激条件（例如金属毒性、干燥和高浓度有机溶剂）的抵抗力而成为微生物生物技术应用的理想候选者。红球菌属 这些菌株还具有独特的生物合成活性，这有助于它们在恶劣和污染的环境中具有很强的持久性，并为它们提供相对于其他微生物的竞争优势。本综述重点关注红球菌属的代谢特征及其在生物技术策略中的潜在用途，用于生产具有环境、工业和医学相关性的化合物，例如生物表面活性剂、生物絮凝剂、类胡萝卜素、三酰甘油、聚羟基脂肪酸酯、铁载体、抗菌剂和金属-基于纳米结构。这些生物合成能力还可用于从低成本底物（工业废物和污染物）中获得高附加值产品，从而为有效回收有价值的资源提供了可能性，并提供了可能的废物处理解决方案。红球菌属 最近还指出菌株是新型生物活性分子的来源，强调需要扩展关于该属成员的生物合成能力及其在生物经济框架中的潜在利用的知识。

关键点

• 红球菌拥有有前景的生物合成和生物转化能力。

• 红球菌生物转化能力可以提供废物处理解决方案。

• 红球菌生物产品具有环境、工业和医学相关性。